We argue that the Maxwellian approximation can essentially underestimate the rates of some nuclear reactions in hot plasma under conditions very close to thermal equilibrium. This phenomenon is demonstrated explicitly on the example of reactions in self-sustained DT fusion plasma with admixture of light elements X = Li, Be, C. A kinetic analysis shows that the reactivity enhancement results fro...

Fusion cross section measurements in nuclear reactions of heavy nuclei consistently fall below model predictions at energies both well below and above the fusion barrier. Understanding the physical mechanisms leading to this fusion suppression has been one of the major challenges in nuclear reaction physics [6, 7, 1]. It is crucial for a consistent understanding of nuclear reactions involving b...

Energy and momentum of the elementary excitations become independent variables in medium: energy and momentum statistical distributions are not identical. The momentum distribution and not the energy distribution is relevant for barrier penetration. The deviations of the momentum distribution from the MaxwellBoltzmann energy distribution can be expressed in terms of the imaginary part of the se...

Recent theoretical advances in the study of heavy ion fusion reactions below the Coulomb barrier are reviewed. Particular emphasis is given to new ways of analyzing data, such as studying barrier distributions; new approaches to channel coupling, such as the path integral and Green function formalisms; and alternative methods to describe nuclear structure eeects, such as those using the Interac...

agrobacterium tumefaciens is capable of gene transfer to both plant and non-plant organisms. indeed, upon infection of eukaryotic cells, agrobacterium tumefaciens transfers a piece of its tumor inducing (ti)-plasmid, called t-dna, to the host cell nucleus, which subsequently integrates into the host genome. the vird2 virulence protein which has relaxase endonuclease activities covalently binds ...

A key event in nuclear formation is the assembly of functional nuclear pores. We have used a nuclear reconstitution system derived from Xenopus eggs to examine the process of nuclear pore assembly in vitro. With this system, we have identified three reagents which interfere with nuclear pore assembly, NEM, GTP gamma S, and the Ca++ chelator, BAPTA. These reagents have allowed us to determine th...

A novel nuclear astrophysics facility, CLAIRE (Center for Low Energy Astrophysics and Interdisciplinary REsearch), is being designed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to address the need for precise fusion cross section measurements at near-solar energies ( 20 keV). At these low energies, fusion cross sections decrease exponentially with energy and are expected to approach femtobarn leve...

Nuclear fusion is one of the most promising technologies to be adopted for production electricity [...]

In August 2021, at the National Ignition Facility of Lawrence Livermore Laboratory in USA, a 1.35 MJ fusion yield was obtained. It is demonstration validity Inertial Confinement Fusion approach to achieve energy-efficient thermonuclear laboratory. historical milestone that scientific community has achieved after decades efforts.