Using a three-phase batch reactor with coated steel panels, this investigation studies the influence of carbon dioxide (CO2), present in gas phase at conditions high pressure and temperature (HPHT), on degradation an amine-cured epoxy novolac (EN) coating. The combined effect gas, hydrocarbon, seawater compromises coating leads to underfilm corrosion. Consequently, understanding role each phase...

in the processing of carbon/carbon composites using polymer resin as the matrix precursor, it is inevitable that a porous structure was formed after carbonization. as a result, densification by liquid phase impregnation followed by recarbonization is required to obtain a densified composite. consequently, the char formability of resin is an important factor in reducing the number of densificati...

An ultrasonic sensor has been developed to monitor photoresist processing in situ during semiconductor manufacturing. Photoresist development, pre-exposure bake, and postexposure bake were monitored for the Shipley 1800 series I-line resists, and the pre-exposure bake of Shipley APEX-E deep-uv (DUV) resist was monitored as well. Development monitoring was achieved by measuring thickness changes...