Simple isoquinoline alkaloids (heliamine, dehydroheliamine), a phthalide alkaloid noscapine, and an aporphine boldine are biosynthetically derived from amino acid tyrosine. These substrates simple synthetic (2-acetyl-7-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline) contain nucleus. The biotransformation of these via reduction, oxidation, hydroxylation, N-oxidation reactions with different microorganism ...

The isoquinoline alkaloids and their biosynthetic relatives include many compounds which show important physiological properties in animals: dopamine, mescaline, morphine, papaverine, and narcotine are pertinent examples. The biosynthetic routes to the members of this family start from the essential aminoacids tyiosine or phenflalanine. Decarboxylation gives a phenethylamine building block (C,-...

Cortical pulling forces on astral microtubules are essential to position the spindle. These forces are generated by cortical dynein, a minus-end directed motor. Previously, another dynein regulator termed Spindly was proposed to regulate dynein-dependent spindle positioning. However, the mechanism of how Spindly regulates spindle positioning has remained elusive. Here, we find that the misalign...