[1] The winter dO signal is extracted from 7 Greenland ice cores covering the past 700 years. To filter out noise and local variations in the 7 isotope records a principal component analysis is carried out on the ice core data. A comparison between the time series of the first principal component (PC1) with 67 years of winter (December to March) temperature measurements from 3 southern Greenlan...

Climate variability is simply represented by teleconnection patterns such as the Arctic Oscillation (AO), Antarctic Oscillation (AAO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Pacific–North American pattern (PNA), and Southern Oscillation (SO) with associated indices. Two approaches can be used to predict the indices: forward and backward methods. The forward method is commonly used to predict the ind...

Harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) have evolved life history strategies to exploit seasonal sea ice as a breeding platform. As such, individuals are prepared to deal with fluctuations in the quantity and quality of ice in their breeding areas. It remains unclear, however, how shifts in climate may affect seal populations. The present study assesses the effects of climate change on harp seals...

The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on synoptic conditions in Ukraine can not be considered as fully defined as the territory of Ukraine is located at the transitional boundary of processes associated with the NAO. As a rule, common methods based on the principal component analysis (PCA) can not reveal the impact of the NAO. Moreover, the analysis of synopticscale processes based...

Krahmann & Visbeck 2003: Polar Research 22(1), 51–57 The Northern Annular Mode (NAM) is, like the closely related North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) (Visbeck et al. 2001; Visbeck et al. 2003), a large-scale pattern of atmospheric variability in the northern hemisphere (Thompson & Wallace 1998). It represents substantial variations of the northern hemisphere midand high latitude atmos pheric circu...

[1] Three prominent quasi-global patterns of variability and change are observed using the Met Office’s sea surface temperature (SST) analysis and almost independent night marine air temperature analysis. The first is a global warming signal that is very highly correlated with global mean SST. The second is a decadal to multidecadal fluctuation with some geographical similarity to the El Niño–S...

Abstract In this paper, the long-lasting impact of winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on Arctic sea ice is investigated using reanalysis data, with focus Barents–Kara (BK) where air-sea-ice response closely associated interdecadal shift in northern action center NAO. A significant negative correlation between NAO and late autumn BK has been dominant since early 2000s, which sharp contrast ...

[1] We utilize the GISS Global Climate Middle Atmosphere Model and eight different climate change experiments, many of them focused on stratospheric climate forcings, to assess the relative influence of tropospheric and stratospheric climate change on the extratropical circulation indices (Arctic Oscillation, AO; North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO). The experiments are run in two different ways: w...

A regular and distinct feature of seasonal plankton succession in temperate lakes is the early summer period of algal suppression by herbivores, i.e. the clear water phase. Within the last 30 years the timing of this food-web interaction between algae and herbivores has advanced on average by approximately two weeks in central European lakes due to faster population growth of herbivores in warm...

[1] A global ocean general circulation model is used to estimate the magnitude of interannual variability in air-sea fluxes of CO2 and O2 from 1980–1998 and to examine the controlling mechanisms. The global variability in the air-sea flux of carbon (±0.5 10 grams Carbon yr 1 (PgC yr )) is forced by changes of DpCO2 and wind speeds related to the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle in the ...