The environment is an essential component of multi-agent systems, which is often used to coordinate the behaviour of individual agents. Recently many programming languages have been proposed to facilitate the implementation of such environments. This extended abstract is motivated by the emerging programming languages that are designed to implement environments in terms of normative concepts su...

Normative systems in a multiagent system must be able to evolve over time, for example due to actions creating or removing norms in the system. The only formal framework to evaluate and classify normative system change methods is the so-called AGM framework of theory change, which has originally been developed as a framework to describe and classify both belief and normative system change. Howe...

Certain features reminiscent of sexuality occur in the vegetative life cycle of some filamentous fungi such as Neurospora crassa. Hyphal fusions can occur between genetically different individuals, thereby endowing the new composite mycelium, a heterokaryon, with some of the advantages of heterozygosity usually associated with diploid organisms. In N. crassa, however, there are a number of inco...

Maternally inherited bacteria of the genus Volbachia can cause cytoplasmic incompatibility resulting in the developmental arrest of early embryos. Previous studies have shown that both single- and superinfections of Wolbachia naturally occur in populations of Aedes albopictus (Skuse). Here, we report crossing experiments using three infection types occurring in Ae. albopictus: uninfected, singl...

Following the identification of the male (S-locus Cysteine Rich/S-locus Protein 11) and female (S Receptor kinase [SRK]) factors controlling self-incompatibility in the Brassicaceae, research in this field has focused on understanding the nature of the cellular responses activated by these regulators. We previously identified the ARM Repeat Containing1 (ARC1) E3 ligase as a component of the SRK...

T2-type RNases are responsible for self-pollen recognition and rejection in three distantly related families of flowering plants-the Solanaceae, Scrophulariaceae, and Rosaceae. We used phylogenetic analyses of 67 T2-type RNases together with information on intron number and position to determine whether the use of RNases for self-incompatibility in these families is homologous or convergent. Al...

Indonesia has introduced Islamic-based development programs, but challenges such as different interpretations, incompatibility between Islamic law and the national legal system, political influence, integration of values in sustainable continue to hinder implementation approaches regional development. This study aims analyze concepts from an economic, social, environmental perspective identify ...

“Autonomy,” as a desirable state, is notion often used by food sovereignty-oriented farmer movements and scholars studying repeasantization. The term predominantly rather casually, relying on presumed meanings, but van der Ploeg's book New Peasantries seeks to elaborate particular meaning of autonomy characteristic feature the peasantry. desire farmers/peasants for formulated in tandem with agr...

We consider the problem of updating a multi-agent system with a set of conditional norms. A norm comes into effect when its condition becomes true, and imposes either an obligation or a prohibition on an agent which remains in force until a state satisfying a deadline condition is reached. If the norm is violated, a sanction is imposed on the agent. We define a notion of a normative update of a...