We deene the notion of transsnite term rewriting: rewriting in which terms may be innnitely large and rewrite sequences may be of any ordinal length. For orthogonal rewrite systems, some fundamental properties known in the nite case are extended to the transsnite case. Among these are the Parallel Moves lemma and the Unique Normal Form property. The transsnite Church-Rosser property (CR 1) fail...

The inverse temperature parameter of the Potts model governs the strength of spatial cohesion and therefore has a substantial influence over the resulting model fit. A difficulty arises from the dependence of an intractable normalising constant on the value of this parameter and thus there is no closed form solution for sampling from the posterior distribution directly. There are a variety of c...

Starting with the basic Poisson statistical model of a counting measurement process, 'extraPoisson' variance or 'overdispersion' are included by assuming that the Poisson parameter representing the mean number of counts itself comes from another distribution. The Poisson parameter is assumed to be given by the quantity of interest in the inference process multiplied by a lognormally distributed...

This paper presents a methodology for conceptual modeling which is based on a new modeling primitive, the niche, and associated constructs granularity and reconciliation. A niche is an environment where entities interact for a specific purpose, playing specific roles, and according to the norms and constraints of that environment. Granularity refers to the relative level of power or influence o...

BACKGROUND Cure after treatment for human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is assessed by examination of the cerebrospinal fluid every 6 months, for a total period of 2 years. So far, no markers for cure or treatment failure have been identified in blood. Trypanosome-specific antibodies are detectable in blood by the Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomiasis (CATT). We studied the value of a nor...

BACKGROUND Patients often present in primary care with physical symptoms that doctors cannot readily explain. The process of reassuring these patients is challenging, complex and poorly understood. AIM To construct a typology of general practitioners' (GPs') normalising explanations, based on their effect on the process and outcome of consultations involving patients with medically unexplaine...

We propose prior probability models for variance-covariance matrices in order to address two important issues. First, the models allow a researcher to represent substantive prior information about the strength of correlations among a set of variables. Secondly, even in the absence of such information, the increased flexibility of the models mitigates dependence on strict parametric assumptions ...

Quantification by real-time RT-PCR requires a stable internal reference known as a housekeeping gene (HKG) for normalising the mRNA levels of target genes. The present study identified and validated stably expressed HKGs in post-thaw Symbiodinium clade G. Six potential HKGs, namely, pcna, gapdh, 18S rRNA, hsp90, rbcl, and ps1, were analysed using three different algorithms, namely, GeNorm, Norm...