UNLABELLED NS1 is the only nonstructural protein that enters the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where NS1 is glycosylated, forms a dimer, and is subsequently secreted during flavivirus replication as dimers or hexamers, which appear to be highly immunogenic to the infected host, as protective immunity can be elicited against homologous flavivirus infections. Here, by using a trans-com...

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of infectious agents is essential for patient care, disease control, and countermeasure development. The present serologic diagnosis of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection relies mainly on IgM-capture ELISA which is confounded with the flaw of cross-reactivity among different flaviviruses. In this communication, we report a multiplex microsphere immunoassay (MIA) that captu...

background:influenza virus is globally pathogenic and it is usually associated with zoonotic respiratory diseases. this virus has caused a number of pandemics with a high mortality rate. the non-structural (ns1) protein of influenza a viruses is a non-essential virulence factor that has multiple accessory functions during viral infection. this protein is highly conservative. it has been shown t...

Arboviral diseases have a high incidence in Brazil and constitute serious public health problem. Rocio virus (ROCV) is an arbovirus belonging to the family Flaviviridae. It was responsible for emergence of outbreak encephalitis on São Paulo state coast late 1970s. Although no recent case this has been reported, data suggest circulation ROCV throughout Brazilian territory. Given these indication...

The protective immunity conferred by a set of recombinant vaccinia viruses containing the entire coding sequence of dengue virus type 4 nonstructural glycoprotein NS1 plus various flanking sequences was evaluated by using a mouse encephalitis model. Mice immunized with recombinant vNS1-NS2a, which expresses authentic NS1, were solidly protected against intracerebral dengue virus challenge. Howe...

Rapid diagnosis and serotyping of dengue virus (DV) infections are important for timely clinical management and epidemiological control in areas where multiple flaviviruses are endemic. However, the speed and accuracy of diagnosis must be balanced against test cost and availability, especially in developing countries. We developed a specific antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EL...

Immunological changes associated with age contribute to the high rates of influenza virus morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Compounding this problem, aged individuals do not respond to vaccination as well as younger, healthy adults. Efforts to increase protection to this demographic group are of utmost importance, as the proportion of the population above the age of 65 is projected to inc...

Recently, two influenza A virus (FLUAV) genomes were identified in Central and South American bats. These sequences exhibit notable divergence from classical FLUAV counterparts, and functionally, bat FLUAV glycoproteins lack canonical receptor binding and destroying activity. Nevertheless, other features that distinguish these viruses from classical FLUAVs have yet to be explored. Here, we stud...

An unprecedented epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection had spread to South and Central America. ZIKV infection was recently confirmed by CDC (the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) to cause neonatal microcephaly, which posed a significant public health emergency of international concern. No specific vaccines or drugs are currently available to fight ZIKV infection. ZIKV nonstructural...