Protein-protein interactions involved in formation of the membrane-associated hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication complex are poorly understood. Here, we investigated nonstructural proteins with deletions in their membrane anchor domains when expressed in the context of the entire HCV polyprotein. Interactions among cytosolic domains of HCV nonstructural proteins were found not to be sufficient...

Recent insights into the early events in Sindbis virus RNA replication suggest a requirement for either the P123 or P23 polyprotein, as well as mature nsP4, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, for initiation of minus-strand RNA synthesis. Based on this observation, we have succeeded in reconstituting an in vitro system for template-dependent initiation of SIN RNA replication. Extracts were isolat...

This paper explores a dual inhibition of main protease (Mpro) and nonstructural protein 10/nonstructural 16 (NSP16) methyltransferase complex as the key targets for COVID-19 therapy. These are based on new Schiff-base ligand that was obtained from condensation (4-chloro-3-methyl phenyl) hydrazine with 2-pyridine-carboxaldehyde its novel metal complexes. include Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), Zn(II), H...

A partially conserved region spanning amino acids 142 to 191 of the Sindbis virus (SIN) nsP4 core polymerase is implicated in host restriction, elongation, and promoter recognition. We extended the analysis of this region by substituting Ser, Ala, or Lys for a highly conserved Arg183 residue immediately preceding its absolutely conserved Ser184-Ala-Val-Pro-Ser188 sequence. In chicken cells, the...

Collection of mosquitoes and testing for vector-borne viruses is a key surveillance activity that directly influences the vector control efforts of public health agencies, including determining when and where to apply insecticides. Vector control districts in California routinely monitor for three human pathogenic viruses including West Nile virus (WNV), Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV)...

Enterovirus infections, implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes in a number of studies, may precipitate the symptoms of clinical diabetes and play a role in the initiation of the beta-cell damaging process. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether cellular immune responses to enterovirus antigens are abnormal in children with type 1 diabetes. Lymphocyte proliferation responses to...

Background and objectivesSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) 2 infection has caused millions of deaths worldwide, pushing the urgent need for an efficient treatment. Nonstructural protein 15 (NSP15) is a promising target due to its importance SARS-CoV-2’s evasion host’s innate immune response.

The mechanisms of diarrhea due to rotavirus infection in humans are not fully understood; no specific therapy is available, but orally administered human serum immunoglobulins are effective in blocking stool output. We aimed to investigate the effect of rotavirus on ion transport and the role of NSP4 in human-derived enterocytes, and to test the efficacy of human serum immunoglobulin in a model...