In this paper an analytic approach to estimate the nonlinearity of radix-4 pipelined analog-to-digital converters due to the circuit non-idealities is presented. Output voltage of each stage is modeled as sum of the ideal output voltage and non-ideal output voltage (error voltage), in which non-ideal output voltage is created by capacitor mismatch, comparator offset, input offset, and finite ga...

The neuronal mechanisms underlying the emergence of orientation selectivity in the primary visual cortex of mammals are still elusive. In rodents, visual neurons show highly selective responses to oriented stimuli, but neighboring neurons do not necessarily have similar preferences. Instead of a smooth map, one observes a salt-and-pepper organization of orientation selectivity. Modeling studies...

The nonlinearity of the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) response to stimuli of different duration, particularly those of short duration, has been well studied by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This nonlinearity is assumed to be due to neural adaptation and the nonlinearity of the response in the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF); the latter has not been examined quantitat...

We study the Cauchy problem for Schrödinger equations with repulsive quadratic potential and power-like nonlinearity. The local problem is well-posed in the same space as that used when a confining harmonic potential is involved. For a defocusing nonlinearity, it is globally well-posed, and a scattering theory is available, with no long range effect for any superlinear nonlinearity. When the no...

Nonlinearity exists in intracochlear pressure responses close to the cochlea's sensory tissue. Its characteristics are much like those of basilar membrane motion nonlinearity. Here several aspects of the pressure nonlinearity in the base of the gerbil cochlea are illustrated.

We extend retrospective cost adaptive control (RCAC) with auxiliary nonlinearities to command following for uncertain Hammerstein systems with non-monotonic input nonlinearities. We assume that only one Markov parameter of the linear plant is known and that the non-monotonic input nonlinearity is uncertain. Auxiliary nonlinearities are used within RCAC to account for the non-monotonic input non...

This paper presents a 12-bit 150-MHz current steering DAC with hierarchical symmetrical switching sequence that compensates gradient errors. The circuit of the DAC employs segmented architecture; the least significant bits (LSBs) steer a binary weighted array, while the most significant bits (MSBs) are thermometer decoded and steer a unary array. The measured differential nonlinearity and integ...