Fling-step and forward directivity are two important characteristics of near-field earthquakes. Forward directivity occurs when the rupture propagates toward the site and arises in fault‐normal direction for strike‐slip faults. Fling-step is the consequence of permanent ground displacement imposed by near-field earthquakes and arises in strike-slip faults in the strike parallel direction. Fling...

evolving models have found applications in many real world systems. in this paper, potentials of the evolving linear models (elms) in tracking control design for nonlinear variable structure systems are introduced. at first, an elm is introduced as a dynamic single input, single output (siso) linear model whose parameters as well as dynamic orders of input and output signals can change through ...

Numerical simulation of structural response is a challenging issue in earthquake engineering and there has been remarkable progress in this area in the last decade. Endurance Time (ET) method is a new response history based analysis procedure for seismic assessment and structural design in which structures are subjected to a gradually intensifying dynamic excitation and their seismic performanc...

Abstract—This study was conducted to evaluate the seismic performance of weir structures using two different approaches: i) design response spectrum with respect to KBC 2009 in Korea and ii) acceleration of time history (PGA, 0.3011 g) obtained from 1994 Northridge earthquake. This paper provided the simple linear elastic 2D plane strain FE model with the material nonlinearity including soil-fo...

Thanks to the cantilever launching technique, arch bridge building has once again become popular throughout world. Today, these structures are one of three main types long-span bridges, along with suspension and cable-stayed bridges. Arch have a complex behavior during powerful earthquakes because rib is an element that primarily susceptible large axial compression force brought on by dead load...