The standard Black-Scholes theory of option pricing is extended to cope with underlying return fluctuations described by general probability distributions. A Langevin process and its related Fokker-Planck equation are devised to model the market stochastic dynamics, allowing us to write and formally solve the generalized Black-Scholes equation implied by dynamical hedging. A systematic expansio...

Using classical finite difference schemes often generates numerical drawbacks such as spurious oscillations in the solution of the famous Black–Scholes partial differential equation. We analyze the fully implicit scheme, frequently used numerical method in Finance, that in the presence of discontinuous payoff and low volatility arises spurious oscillations. We propose a modification of this sch...

The price of an option can under some assumptions be determined by the solution of the Black–Scholes partial differential equation. Often options are issued on more than one asset. In this case it turns out that the option price is governed by the multi-dimensional version of the Black–Scholes equation. Options issued on a large number of underlying assets, such as index options, are of particu...

Keywords: Black–Scholes equation Completely monotonic function Finite difference scheme Laplace Transform M-Matrix Positivity-preserving Post–Widder formula a b s t r a c t In this paper we explore discrete monitored barrier options in the Black–Scholes framework. The discontinuity arising at each monitoring data requires a careful numerical method to avoid spurious oscillations when low volati...

In this paper, a new identification of the Lagrange multipliers by means of the Sumudu transform, is employed to  btain a quick and accurate solution to the fractional Black-Scholes equation with the initial condition for a European option pricing problem. Undoubtedly this model is the most well known model for pricing financial derivatives. The fractional derivatives is described in Caputo sen...

The object of this study was to investigate some implications of the tenets of behavioral finance on the pricing of financial derivatives. In particular, based on the work by Wolff et al (2009) we have investigated how prospect theory (Kahneman and Tversky, 1979) can be intregrated into the Black and Scholes (1973) option pricing framework. We have then used the resulting " behavioral version "...

We investigate qualitative and quantitative behavior of a solution to the problem of pricing American style of perpetual put options. We assume the option price is a solution to a stationary generalized Black-Scholes equation in which the volatility may depend on the second derivative of the option price itself. We prove existence and uniqueness of a solution to the free boundary problem. We de...

In this paper an arbitrage strategy is constructed for the modified Black-Scholes model driven by fractional Brownian motion or by a time changed fractional Brownian motion, when the volatility is stochastic. This latter property allows the heavy tailedness of the log returns of the stock prices to be also accounted for in addition to the long range dependence introduced by the fractional Brown...