Seasonal changes in temperature, humidity, and rainfall affect vector survival emergence of mosquitoes thus impact the dynamics vector-borne disease outbreaks. Recent studies deterministic stochastic epidemic models with periodic environments have shown that average basic reproduction number is not sufficient to predict an outbreak. We extend these time-nonhomogeneous dengue demographic variabi...

A software reliability growth model is one of the fundamental technique to assess software reliability quantitatively. The software reliability growth model is required to have a good performance in terms of goodness-of-fit, predictability, and so forth. In this paper, we propose dis-cretized software reliability growth models. As to the software reliability growth modeling, discretized nonhomo...

We present an overview of existing methods to generate pseudorandom numbers from a nonhomogeneous Poisson process. We start with various definitions of the nonhomogeneous Poisson process, present theoretical results (sometimes with a proof) that form the basis of existing generation algorithms, and provide algorithm listings. Whenever available, we also provide links to sources containing compu...

investors use different approaches to select optimal portfolio. so, optimal investment choices according to return can be interpreted in different models. the traditional approach to allocate portfolio selection called a mean - variance explains. another approach is markov chain. markov chain is a random process without memory. this means that the conditional probability distribution of the nex...