Background: Severe metabolic acidosis occurs during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) particularly during the anhepatic phase. Although NaHCO3 is considered as the current standard therapy, there are numerous adverse effects. The aim of this study was to determine whether the restricted use of normal saline during anesthesia could reduce the need for NaHCO3.Methods: In this study we enroll...

This paper describes a preliminary investigation into the use of normal form theory for modelling large non-linear dynamical systems. Limit cycle oscillations are determined for simple two-degree-of-freedom double pendulum systems. The double pendulum system is reduced into its centre manifold before computing normal forms. Normal forms are obtained using a period averaging method which is appl...

This paper presents a new consistent example of a relatively normal subspace which is not Tychonoff.

A limiting feature of previous work on growth mixture modeling is the assumption of normally distributed variables within each latent class. With strongly non-normal outcomes, this means that several latent classes are required to capture the observed variable distributions. Being able to relax the assumption of within-class normality has the advantage that a non-normal observed distribution do...

Suppose a smooth dynamical system has an invariant subspace and a parameter that leaves the dynamics in the invariant subspace invariant while changing the normal dynamics. Then we say the parameter is a normal parameter, and much is understood of how attractors can change with normal parameters. Unfortunately, normal parameters do not arise very often in practise. We consider the behaviour of ...

Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is associated with various cancers. Most normal, non-pathological epithelial tissue is EpCAM positive with the exception of epidermal keratinocytes, gastric parietal cells, myoepithelial cells, thymic cortical epithelial, and hepatocytes. However, during early liver development EpCAM expression is also observed. In o...