There is a discrepancy in the literature as to whether fasting during Ramadan affects athletic performance. We suggest in this letter that the time frame for training is a confounding variable that has been missed in the literature.

BACKGROUND Proprioception plays an integral role in the neuromotor control of the knee joint. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of knee joint proprioception deficit and regular exercise activities with obesity. MATERIALS & METHODS In this case control study, we had 60 participants, aged 18 to 35 in four groups (15 athletes obese; 15 athletes with normal weight; 15 n...

Although several studies showed the positive effects of exercise and physical activity on health and well-being for individuals with ID, there is a lack of information about the influence of sport specialization on fitness and health components. Therefore, the aims of this study were to assess: (a) physical fitness of athletes with intellectual disability (ID) compared with individuals included...

the aim of the present research was to compare the performance evaluation indicators of club coaches from experts, athletes and coaches' viewpoints. the statistical population included all physical education experts of guilan province, heads, deputy heads and secretaries of physical education boards, athletes and coaches from rasht city (n=470) and 345 subjects (73.4%) participated in the ...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether athletes' opinion of food provision in the main dining hall of the athletes' village at the Delhi 2010 Commonwealth Games varied according to cultural background, sport, stage of competition, and previous experience at similar events. A previously developed questionnaire was distributed over 3 meal periods to 351 athletes dining in the main dinin...

INTRODUCTION Aerobic capacity of athletes is an important element of success in sports achievements. It is generally considered the best indicator of cardio respiratory endurance and athletic fitness. Body fat percentage affects VO2 max and thus the cardiovascular status of the athletes. The present study was undertaken to assess the VO2 max and body fat percentage in athletes. The secondary ob...

The American Heart Association (AHA) has recommended a 12element questionnaire for pre-participation screening of athletes, in order to reduce and hopefully prevent sudden cardiac death in young athletes. This screening procedure is widely used throughout the United States, but its efficacy for discriminating Normal from Non-normal heart condition is unclear. As part of a larger study on cardio...