We experimentally demonstrate that a type-II pulsed optical parametric amplifier operated in a phaseinsensitive configuration works as a near-perfect classical optical amplifier whose noise figure approaches 3 dB at high gains. We further demonstrate that, when operated in a phase-sensitive configuration, this amplifier works as a quantum-optical amplifier whose noise figure goes below 3 dB and...

A complete procedure for the design of W-band low noise amplifier in MMIC technology is presented. The design is based on a simultaneously power and noise matched technique. For implementing the method, scalable bilateral transistor model parameters should be first extracted. The model is also used for transmission line utilized in the amplifier circuit. In the presented method, input/output ma...

The effect of antenna performance on the carrier phase measurement accuracy is described. The antenna performance characteristics in the presence of multipath are analyzed in terms of an antenna Axial Ratio and an antenna Noise Figure. In this analysis, the multipath is assumed to originate from a single point located on a perfectly conducting ground. The analysis focuses on the carrier phase s...

We believe this is the first report that demonstrates that the inclusion of physically realistic intrinsic PM-HEMT noise parameters into an accurate PM-HEMT equivalent circuit predicts not only the noise figure, but also the optimum noise impedance and noise resistance, giving excellent agreement with experiment over a wide frequency range, when fitted at only one frequency. Previous efforts to...

Single particle reconstructions derived from electron micrographs yield increasing detail of biological molecules and assemblies. However, it is well-known that alignment of pure noise images against a reference can recover that reference on reconstruction [1]. The question is how to distinguish a reconstruction from noise from one from legitimate particle images. Figure 1A shows the estimated ...