In this paper, we present an extensive ns-2 simulation based performance comparison of three widely known stability-oriented on-demand MANET routing protocols: Associativity-Based Routing (ABR) protocol, Flow-Oriented Routing Protocol (FORP) and Route Assessment Based Routing (RABR) protocol. Our simulations show that FORP routes are more stable than RABR routes, which are more stable than ABR ...

In this paper, we explore the possibility of using directionality of free-space-optical (a.k.a. optical wireless) communications for solving the 3-D localization problem in ad-hoc networking environments. Range-based localization methods either require a higher node density (i.e., at least three other localized neighbors must exist) than required for assuring connectedness or a high-accuracy po...

We assessed the expression of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF-C and VEGF-D) in breast cancer cells and the density of lymph vessels and VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3)-positive vessels in and around the tumor in invasive lobular breast cancer. We found significant correlation between peritumoral lymph vessel density and presence of lymph node metastases (P=.001) and the number of metastatic...

The high-level contribution of this paper is a simulation-based comparison of two contrasting categories (minimum node size vs. stability) of connected dominating sets for mobile ad hoc networks. We pick the maximum density-based CDS (MaxD-CDS) and Node ID-based CDS (ID-CDS) to be representatives of the minimum node size-based CDS algorithms; the minimum velocity-based CDS (MinV-CDS) and the no...

Hexahedral Mesh Refinement Using an Error Sizing Function Gaurab Paudel Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Master of Science The ability to effectively adapt a mesh is a very important feature of high fidelity finite element modeling. In a finite element analysis, a relatively high node density is desired in areas of the model where there are high error estimates from an initial ...

Many routing algorithms were proposed for mobile ad hoc network (MANET). They can be classified into two categories: connection-oriented and connectionless. Their performance is usually limited under high mobility or various node densities. A connectionless algorithm even encounter a local maximum problem (also called void problem) under low node density. The problem causes a data packet cannot...

BACKGROUND Radical cystectomy is the standard treatment for patients with invasive bladder cancer. Many aspects regarding the role of concomitant pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND), its extension and the oncological impact are still under discussion. MATERIALS AND METHODS A detailed literature review is presented to assess the impact of pelvic lymph node dissection during radical cystectomy ...

nineteen lymph node biopsies, 3 curetting, 15 blood samples obtained from patients with lymphadenitis and high titers of toxoplasma antibodies, and 27 tonsillar tissues removed from patients because of chronic tonsillitis were inoculated intraperitoneally into mice for isolation of toxoplasma gondii. toxoplasms were isolated from 5 lymph node biopsies, one curettage material, 2 tonsillar tissue...