OBJECTIVE Pain is a well-known complication of intravenous administration of propofol, and to find out the optimal method to decrease this pain, we studied 4 methods of delivering propofol. METHODS The study took place at Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan between November 2004 and March 2005 on 200 patients. The patients were divided into 4 groups, group I (n=50), the control group, p...

Despite their central role in the electoral process, constituency agents have been largely overlooked by political scientists and this article seeks to rectify the omission. It sketches the origins and development of the role of agent from the late nineteenth century and suggests that a serious re-think of the role took place in the 1990s. Survey-based evidence about the social characteristics ...

In the late Middle Ages the port-town of Famagusta proved to be one of the most cosmopolitan and multicultural centres of the Mediterranean world. Different artistic traditions coexisted locally, including Crusader, French Gothic, and Armenian architecture, as well as the religious painting of Byzantium, the Latin West and the Arab Christian world. The repertory of forms worked out by each of t...

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Bradykinin-evoked rises in [Ca2+]i were measured in fura-2-loaded bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell monolayers by dual wavelength excitation fluorimetry. In monolayers seeded thinly and grown to confluence, bradykinin, in the presence of external Ca2+, evoked a rise in [Ca2+]i composed of an initial peak and subsequent oscillating plateau. In the absence of external Ca2+, bradykinin evok...

Results presented in this study indicate that a large subpopulation (approximately 65%) of hippocampal astrocytes in situ exhibit calcium oscillations in the absence of neuronal activity. Further, the spontaneous oscillations observed within individual hippocampal astrocytes generally developed asynchronously throughout the astrocyte's fine processes and occasionally spread through a portion of...

In many neuroscience fields, the study of local and global rhythmicity has been receiving increasing attention. These network influences could directly impact on how neuronal groups interact together, organizing for different contexts. The cerebellar cortex harbors a variety of such local circuit rhythms, from the rhythms in the cerebellar cortex per se, or those dictated from important afferen...

[Read before the Liverpool Medical anad Pathological Society, February 8th, 1855.] IN-TERNAL derangement of the knee-joint is the appellation given to an injury, the precise nature of which, as may be inferred from its vague title, is not very clearly understood. The accident, howvever, is not very uncommon, nor is it unimportant in its consequences; for, if overlooked, it may prove very embarr...

Both cerebellum and neocortex receive input from the somatosensory system. Interaction between these regions has been proposed to underpin the correct selection and execution of motor commands, but it is not clear how such interactions occur. In neocortex, inputs give rise to population rhythms, providing a spatiotemporal coding strategy for inputs and consequent outputs. Here, we show that sim...

A three-dimensional numerical computation of magnetohydrodynamic dynamo behavior is described. The dynamo is mechanically forced with a driving term of the Taylor-Green type. The magnetic field development is followed from negligibly small levels to saturated values that occur at magnetic energies comparable to the kinetic energies. Though there is locally a helicity density, there is no overal...