objective(s): gardenia jasminoides ellis (gj, cape jasmine fruit, zhi zi) has been traditionally used for the treatment of infectious hepatitis, aphthous ulcer, and trauma; however, the direct evidence is lacking. materials and methods:we investigated the effect of the gj extract(gj) and gallic acid (ga) on lipopolysaccharide (lps) induced inflammation of bv-2 microglial cells and acute liver i...

Group decisions must often obey exogenous constraints. While in a preference aggregation problem constraints are modelled by restricting the set of feasible alternatives, this paper addresses the modelling of constraints when aggregating individual yes/no judgments on interconnected propositions. For example, court judgments in breach-of-contract cases should respect the constraint that action ...

KENJI TAKAHASHI • Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry • School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences • 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392 • Japan • [email protected] MASAO TANJI • Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry • Graduate School of Science • The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 • Japan CHIAKI SHIBATA • Department of Biology • ...

Theories featuring multiple equilibria are now widespread across many fields of economics. Yet little empirical work has asked if such multiple equilibria are salient features of real economies. We examine this in the context of the Allied bombing of Japanese cities and industries in WWII. We develop a new empirical test for multiple equilibria and apply it to data for 114 Japanese cities in ei...