This paper studies precipitable water vapor (PWV) in 2015-2016, an El Nino-Southern Oscillation episode (ENSO), and causes drought Indonesia. Using the Global Positioning System (GPS), we obtained PWV value. Expected can detect ENSO phenomenon through We processed GPS observation data by Precise Point (PPP) method using goGPS software. The values of Zenith Troposphere Delay (ZTD) were validated...

Observational data from the Global Temperature and Salinity Profile Program were used to calculate the upper ocean heat content (OHC) anomaly. The thickness of the upper layer is taken as 300 m for the Pacific/Atlantic Ocean and 150 m for the Indian Ocean since the Indian Ocean has shallower thermoclines. First, the optimal spectral decomposition scheme was used to build up monthly synoptic tem...

The response of monthly 7-day low flow, monthly instantaneous peak flow, and monthly frequency of flood events to El Nino and La Nina episodes is investigated for 18 rivers that represent a diverse range of climatic types throughout New Zealand. A significant positive or negative deviation from the long-term average was observed in over half the possible combinations of river, streamflow index,...

An extensive amount of data from the World Ocean Database (WOD) that covers southern South China Sea (SSCS) were analysed to study long-term trends and variations El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event. The WOD selected 1951 2010, which included area within 0–10 °N 100–117 °E. La-Nina anomaly results showed sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTa) trend SSCS was higher during offset-El-Nino ...

Abstract. For second order nonlinear differential equations with nonintegrable singularities with respect to the time variable, unimprovable sufficient conditions for solvability and unique solvability of multi-point boundary value problems are established. îâäæñéâ. éâëîâ îæàæï ŽîŽûîòæãæ áæòâîâêùæŽèñîæ àŽêðëèâIJâIJæïŽåãæï ŽîŽæêðâàîâIJŽáæ ïæêàñèŽîëIJâIJæå áîëæåæ ùãèŽáæï éæéŽîå áŽáàâêæèæŽ éîŽãŽèû...

Five years (1979–83) of satellite ocean color data from the coastal zone color scanner (CZCS) data are used to calculate cross-shelf transects of phytoplankton pigment concentrations in the California Current and quantify their seasonal and interannual variability. Alongshore means over six regions, Washington– northern Oregon (48.4–42.88N), Cape Blanco to Cape Mendocino (42.8–40.48N), northern...

The process capability analysis is a crucial activity to evaluate if the process outcome meets the design specifications. Classically, such analysis is performed by verifying the in-control condition of the process and evaluating suitable capability indices, by assuming the process in-control steady-state condition. However, the in-control period of the process characterizes only a part of the ...

A coupled atmosphere-ocean model is presented for El Niño and the Southern Oscillation that reproduces its major features, including its recurrence at irregular intervals. The interannual El Niño-Southern Oscillation cycle is maintained by deterministic interactions in the tropical Pacific region. Ocean dynamics alter sea-surface temperature, changing the atmospheric heating; the resulting chan...

— Evidence is reviewed for climate change and its causes over the interval spanning roughly the past millennium. Particular emphasis is placed on patterns of climate change influencing Mediterranean climates of the Northern Hemisphere. The evidence is taken from studies using high-resolution climate “proxy” data sources, and climate modeling simulations. The available evidence suggests that for...