Introduction In 2014, the top five genetically modified (GM) or transgenic crop producers were the United States, Brazil, Argentina, India, and Canada, together accounting for 90% of the global area of these crops (James, 2015). The United States has 40% of the area; Brazil, 23%; Argentina, 13%; India, 6%; and Canada, 6%. Although GM cultivars of 11 crops have been released, 4 crops cover 99% o...

Phytophthora stem and root rot, caused by Phytophthora sojae, is one of the most destructive diseases of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and the incidence of this disease has been increasing in several soybean-producing areas around the world. This presents serious limitations for soybean production, with yield losses from 4 to 100%. The most effective method to reduce damage would be to grow...

Previous research demonstrated that plant nutrient assimilation was reduced by glyphosate (Gly). A 2 year field experiment investigated the effects of Gly at drift rate (12.5% of commercial use rate) on Fe concentrations in leaves and seeds of Gly-sensitive (GS) soybean, and a greenhouse experiment evaluated Gly effects on Fe assimilation using root in vivo ferric reductase activity (FRA) in tw...

Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode, is a major yield-limiting pathogen in most soybean production areas worldwide. Field populations of H. glycines exhibit diversity in their ability to develop on resistant soybean cultivars. Since 1970, this diversity has been characterized by a bioassay used to assign a race classification to a population. The value of the race scheme is reflected...

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most devastating pathogens that cost huge economic losses in soybean production worldwide. Due to the duplicated genome, clustered and highly homologous nature of R genes, as well as recalcitrant to transformation, soybean disease resistance studies is largely lagging compared with other diploid crops. In this review, we focus on the major advances that ...

An individual soybean breeder can generate over one hundred thousand new genotypes each year. The efficiency of selection in these populations could be improved if these genotypes were effectively screened with one DNA marker that identified an important gene, and if laboratory throughput was high and costs were low. Our aim was to develop a rapid genotyping procedure for resistance to the soyb...

The objective of this research was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and to develop an Illumina Infinium BeadChip that contained over 50,000 SNPs from soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). A total of 498,921,777 reads 35-45 bp in length were obtained from DNA sequence analysis of reduced representation libraries from several soybean accessions which included six cultivated and two wi...

severe aphid infestation (Wang et al., 1996). An additional threat posed by the aphid is its ability to transmit certain With an efficient greenhouse screening method, the first resistance plant viruses to soybean such as Alfalfa mosaic virus, Soyto the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) was found in cultivated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm. No resistance was bean dwarf virus...

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) cultivars with genetic reduction in seed phytate concentration will be a valuable resource to livestock producers both nutritionally and economically, as well as in the preservation of the environment. However, due to association with reduced seed germination and field emergence potential, low phytate (LP) soybean cultivars are not being advanced to commercializa...

Phytophthora root rot (PRR) caused by Phytophthora sojae is a major soybean disease that causes severe economic losses worldwide. Using soybean cultivars carrying a Rps resistance gene is the most effective strategy for controlling this disease. We previously detected a novel Phytophthora resistance gene, RpsZS18, on chromosome 2 of the soybean cultivar Zaoshu18. The aim of the present study wa...