Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German philosopher (1844-1900), he has been appropriated as leading figure in modern philosophy by many scholars. One of the most famous theories proposed is Nihilism. Nihilism belief that all religion and moral principles are rejected, life meaningless. believes “every belief, every considering something true necessarily false because there simply no world”. I...

Carcinogenic or cocarcinogenic effects of NO2, O3, and SO2 have not been proven to date with sufficient reliability. However, nitrosamine formation after exposure to NO2- or O3-induced decrease in benzpyrene hydroxylase are potential hazards. A final revaluation of a possible cocarcinogenic action of SO2 requires further experimental studies.

Safety signals provide "relief" through predicting the absence of an aversive event. At issue is whether these signals also act as instrumental reinforcers. Four experiments were conducted using a free-operant lever-press avoidance paradigm in which each press avoided shock and was followed by the presentation of a 5-sec auditory safety signal. When given a choice between two levers in Experime...

Abstract The end of metaphysics problematizes philosophy, for it implies the thought “itself.” Though this raises question how to think after metaphysics, can only be asked on condition that “problem philosophy” is posed, presupposing an answer what is. This article critically compares two ways posing problem. It argues one, here called active nihilism, poses problem falsely: is, even as makes ...

Abstract I present an account of nihilism, following Foucault and Nietzsche, as a sort colonization our thinking by religious form normativity, grounded in submission to truth correspondence, the idea that facts themselves could be binding upon us. then Brassier’s radicalization nihilism showed how it remains subservient this ideal truth. argue, further, far than showing commitment Enlightenmen...

In his famous 1950 paper where he presents what became the benchmark for success in artificial intelligence, Turing notes that "at the end of the century the use of words and general educated opinion will have altered so much that one will be able to speak of machines thinking without expecting to be contradicted" (Turing 1950, 442). Kurzweil (1990) suggests that Turing's prediction was correct...