Introduction: Cell therapy has been widely considered as a therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases and nervous system damage. Cholinergic neurons as one of the most important neurons that play a significant role in controlling emotions, mobility, and autonomic systems. In this study, human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were differentiated into the cholinergic neurons by β-mercapto...

objective(s):this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of maternal morphine exposure during gestational and lactation period on pyramidal neurons of hippocampus in 18 and 32 day mice offspring. materials and methods: thirty female mice were randomly allocated into cases and controls. in case group, animals received morphinesulfate 10 mg/kg.body weight intraperitoneally during 7 days bef...

objective(s): crocin influences many biological functions including memory and learning. the present study was aimed to investigate the effects of crocin on learning and memory impairments in streptozotocine-induced diabetic rats. materials and methods: diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal (ip) injection of streptozotocin (stz, 45 mg/kg). transfer latency (tl) paradigm in elevated plus-maze ...

background: the aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of the polyamine component n, n, n´, n´-tetrakis(2-aminoethyl)2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine (tdmtn) on apoptotic motor neurons in adult mouse spinal cord slices. materials and methods: thoracic region of adult mouse spinal cords was sliced by a tissue chopper into 400 μm slices and cultured in medium in the presence or...

introduction: the septal area is an important telencephalic center that plays a prominent role in the learning, emotional sexual behaviour processes and autonomic functions. this area contains two main divisions; lateral (ls) and medial (ms), that receive numerus afferents from hippocampal formation. this study compares, quantitatively distributional pattern of the afferent neurons to these two...

objective(s): the alteration of glucose transporters is closely related with the pathogenesis of brain edema. we compared neuronal damage/death in the hippocampus between adult and young gerbils following transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and changes of glucose transporter-1(glut-1)-immunoreactive microvessels in their ischemic hippocampal ca1 region. materials and methods: transient cere...

Stimulus information and cognitive states of an animal are represented by correlated population activity neurons. The maximum entropy method provides a principled way to describe the using much less parameters than number possible patterns. This successfully explained stationary spiking neural populations such as in vitro retinal ganglion cells. Modeling cortical circuitries vivo, however, has ...

Spintronic technology is emerging as a direction for the hardware implementation of neurons and synapses neuromorphic architectures. In particular, single spintronic device can be used to implement nonlinear activation function neurons. Here, we present how with sigmoidal rectified linear unit (ReLU)-like functions. We then perform numerical experiment showing reliability neural networks made b...

Based on the potassium channel “origami windmill” model, and conservation law of cell membrane area ion inequality equation based Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory, it is theoretically proved that neurons can generate waves. The wave an energy wave, never disappear. Neurons are equivalent to engineering antennas, information between be transmitted through material basis for waves result exchange...