objective(s):hypothermia and decompressive craniectomy (dc) have been shown to be neuroprotective. this study was designed to evaluate neuroprotective effects of delayed singular or combination of dc and local hypothermia on stroke. materials and methods: cerebral ischemia was induced in 48 wistar rats assigned to 4 groups: control, decompressive craniectomy (dc), local hypothermia (lh), combin...

increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines have been recorded after the onset  of transient  or  permanent  brain  ischemia and  are  usually associated with  exacerbation  of ischemic injury. embolic stroke model is more relevant to the pathophysiological situation in such  patients, because the  majority of  ischemic injuries in humans  are induced  by old thrombi that originate from the h...

Familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1) is an autosomal dominant subtype of migraine with aura that is associated with hemiparesis. As with other types of migraine, it affects women more frequently than men. FHM1 is caused by mutations in the CACNA1A gene, which encodes the alpha1A subunit of Cav2.1 channels; the R192Q mutation in CACNA1A causes a mild form of FHM1, whereas the S218L mutatio...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity is decreased after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Simvastatin increases eNOS activity. We hypothesized that simvastatin would increase eNOS protein and ameliorate SAH-induced cerebral vasospasm. METHODS Mice were treated with subcutaneous simvastatin or vehicle for 14 days and then subjected to endovascular perforation o...

Spinal epidural haemorrhage may present as back pain associated with radicular symptoms and can be a catastrophic clinical scenario with progression to paraplegia or even sudden death. Being a rare entity, it needs a high index ofclinical suspicion to diagnose it. Fractures have been documented as a cause of hematorrachis but such hematomas only extend to one or two vertebral segments. Large ep...

Neurological conditions include diseases caused by faulty genes, degenerative diseases, of blood vessels that supply the brain, injuries to seizure disorders, brain tumors, and infections, as well developmental disorders. All these have a huge neuropsychological, psychosocial, quality-of-life impact represent global public health challenge [1]. Neurosurgical options for nervous system continue ...

spinal cord injury (sci) leads to loss of nervous tissue and consequently to catastrophic neurological deficits. up to now there is no definite treatment available that restores the loss of function to a degree that an independent life can be guaranteed.this justifies the cost of research into the new modalities for a treatment of scis. in current paper, recent developments and new approaches i...

A long-held view is that stroke causes many distinct neurological syndromes due to damage of specialized cortical and subcortical centers. However, it is unknown if a syndrome-based description is helpful in characterizing behavioral deficits across a large number of patients. We studied a large prospective sample of first-time stroke patients with heterogeneous lesions at 1-2 weeks post-stroke...