Veterinary medicine has been developing very rapidly over the last decades and the owners of pets are more demanding for veterinary care. The veterinarians are therefore facing more challenging conditions in companion animals and are expected to make the correct diagnosis, give the correct prognosis to the owners and eventually to suggest the most appropriate treatment or recommendation. Neurol...

Recent studies have indicated the additional role of cerebellum beyond motor coordination non-motor and socio-cognitive tasks. Exploration of cerebellar roles in timing and plasticity have been attributed specific roles in neurological conditions such as ataxia, severe disorders such as Parkinson’s and epilepsy. Cerebellar dysfunctions elaborate the need of research on cerebellar circuitry and ...

Advances in molecular biology have increased our understanding of both inherited and sporadic forms of neurological disease. In this review, the impact of these advances is discussed in relation to specific neurological conditions. These include the hereditary neuropathies and ataxias, Huntington's disease, and the muscular dystrophies, as well as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and m...

central venous catheter (cvc) insertion is a practical way to assess patients hemodynamic specially in cardiovascular surgery but this relatively simple junior level procedure is not risk free and its common reported complications include; pneumothorax, hydrothorax, hemothorax, local hematoma, cardiac tamponade, vascular injury, thrombosis, embolism, and catheter disruption. here in this articl...