Autoimmune disorders affect 5-10% of the general population, [1] and often involve central and peripheral nervous system. In this special issue of Current Neuropharmacology experts discuss pathophysiology, clinical features and treatment of various neurologic autoimmune disorders. In the last decade we have witnessed remarkable scientific advances which have greatly improved our understanding o...

The term paraneoplastic neurologic disease (PND) encompasses several degenerative central or peripheral nervous system disorders that result from indirect effects of systemic cancer on elements of the nervous system. By definition, the dysfunction does not result from invasion or metastasis by tumor. The concept of a remote or indirect effect of cancer on the nervous system arose in the latter ...

Many acute neurologic manifestations of disease that precipitate a visit to the emergency department (ED), such as seizure, vertigo, ataxia, and headache, appear in both adults and children. However, associated signs and symptoms and diagnostic considerations in children are unique and markedly different from those in the adult population. Moreover, bacterial meningitis, once a predominantly pe...

critical, because true progressors require a change in treatment, but pseudoprogressors should continue with adjuvant temozolomide. Currently, there are no definitive radiologic criteria to differentiate between true progression and pseudoprogression. The response criteria for brain tumours developed by the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology Working Group state that apparent radiologic progr...

The purpose of neurologic examination of a child is to assess development and integrity of the nervous system and to determine location and cause of suspected dysfunction. Achieving these goals is often complicated by three impediments: (1) the patient’s age and willingness to cooperate, (2) the complexity of the complete neurologic examination, and (3) the fluctuating nature of neurologic func...

Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes are degenerative diseases of the central or peripheral nervous system that develop in association with a systemic neoplasm without a direct invasion by tumor. The pathogenesis of this disorder has been hypothesized in the past, and now there is increasing evidence that autoimmune processes triggered by the underlying neoplasm play a major role in the pathophy...

OUTLINE Preliminary Considerations: Swallowing Symptoms and Neurologic Defi cits 41 Brief overview of functional neuroanatomy relative to swallowing functions 42 Cortical Functions 42 Cortical functions and swallowing impairment 43 Swallowing Defi cits in Hemispheric Stroke Syndromes 44 Treatment considerations 46 Swallowing Defi cits in Dementia 49 Treatment considerations 51 Swallowing Defi c...

BACKGROUND Neurologic dysfunction, coma, and seizures are common in obstetric patients in the intensive care unit. OBJECTIVE To review common neurologic disorders resulting in critical illness in pregnancy. REVIEW Obstetric disorders causing coma and seizures include eclampsia, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, and amniotic fluid embolism. Preexisting disorders such as epilepsy may worsen in ...

a 25-year old man presented with chronic low back pain for about 5 years due to mild congenital lumbar kyphosis (l1-l3 25° with congenital posterior wedge vertebra l2). preoperative neurologic examination was normal. after posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation with moderate curve correction, the patient gradually developed the symptoms and signs of cauda equina syndrome due to intraoperat...

objective: recent studies have shown that the use of prolonged and intermittent normobaric hyperoxia (95%) decrease the infarct volume of stroke. the aim of current study was to study the effect of an oxygen radicals-scavenger applied during intermittent normobaric hyperoxia on infarct volume in the rat brain and neurologic deficit. materials and methods: male wistar rats (250-350 g) were divi...