Neurite outgrowth is an essential process for the establishment of the nervous system. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) binds to its receptor TrkB and regulates axonal and dendritic morphology of neurons through signal transduction and gene expression. SH2B1 is a signaling adaptor protein that regulates cellular signaling in various physiological processes. The purpose of this study is ...

Innervation of nociceptive nerve fibres into the normally aneural nucleus pulposus (NP) of the intervertebral disc (IVD) occurs during degeneration resulting in discogenic back pain. The neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which are associated with stimulation of axonal outgrowth and nociception by neuronal cells, are both expressed by NP cells,...

In the embryonic stage, cells divide and migrate to achieve differentiation. Neurite outgrowth is involved in forming precise neuronal networks in neuronal differentiation, and can be mimicked in vitro using specific reagents. For instance, nerve growth factor (NGF), which was identified by Levi-Montalcini and Booker, strongly promotes neurite outgrowth in cells from the peripheral nervous syst...

The inability of neurites to grow and restore neural connections is common to many neurological disorders, including trauma to the central nervous system and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, there is need for a robust and reproducible model of neurite outgrowth, to provide a tool to study the molecular mechanisms that underpin the process of neurite inhibition and to screen molecules that...

Previously, we demonstrated in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons that, in the presence of beta-migrating very low density lipoproteins (beta-VLDL), apolipoprotein (apo) E4, but not apoE3, suppresses neurite outgrowth. In the current studies, murine neuroblastoma cells (Neuro-2a) were stably transfected with human apoE3 or apoE4 cDNA, and the effect on neurite outgrowth was examined. The sta...

Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is an integral membrane protein predominantly expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum. Sig-1R demonstrates a high affinity to various synthetic compounds including well-known psychotherapeutic drugs in the central nervous system (CNS). For that, it is considered as an alternative target for psychotherapeutic drugs. On the cellular level, when Sig-1R is activated, it is ...

Deficits in neurite outgrowth, possibly involving dysregulation of risk genes neuregulin-1 (NRG1) and disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) have been implicated in psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. Electrical stimulation using conductive polymers has been shown to stimulate neurite outgrowth of differentiating human neural stem cells. This study investigated the use of the electroac...

During both development and regeneration of the nervous system, neurons display complex growth dynamics, and several neurites compete to become the neuron's single axon. Numerous mathematical and biophysical models have been proposed to explain this competition, which remain experimentally unverified. Large-scale, precise, and repeatable measurements of neurite dynamics have been difficult to p...

Genetic studies have established the crucial roles of FGF signaling, FGF-induced gene expression and morphogenesis during embryogenesis. In this study, we showed that overexpressing a signaling adaptor protein, SH2B1beta, enhanced FGF1-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. SH2B1beta has previously been shown to promote nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor...

The addition of the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol13-acetate (TPA) to defined growth medium stimulated an in tense neurite outgrowth from chick sensory ganglia expiants. The development of radial neuntes was concentration depend ent. At low concentrations of TPA (1.6 to 16 nw), neuntes were long but moderate in numbers. At higher concentrations (160 to 480 nM), TPA produced dense, shor...