the cellular therapy and nerve tissue engineering will probably become a major therapeutic strategy for promoting axonal growth through injured area in central nervous system and peripheral nervous system in the coming years. the stem cell carrier scaffolds in nerve tissue engineering resulted in strong survival of cells and suitable differentiation into neural cells, so this pathway should be ...

Our goal in this review is to explore the relationship between Drosophila and vertebrate neural stem cell development by comparing progress in each system with the aim of answering several central questions in stem cell biology: (a) How are stem cells formed? (b) Do stem cells divide symmetrically or asymmetrically? (c) How is stem cell fate maintained? (d) How is stem cell differentiation init...

In this study, the behavior of neural stem cells from the newborn rat spinal cord was compared at neurosphere level after the addition of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) once or daily, blank chitosan carriers, or NT-3-chitosan carriers respectively. We found that NT-3 enhanced the viability and differentiation of neural stem cells, but as NT-3 has an extremely short half-life at 37 degrees C, in order to...

The transcription factor Sox2 [SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 2] is expressed at the earliest developmental stages in the nervous system and functions as a marker protein for neural development. Sox2 is found in embryonic neural stem cells as well as in virtually all adult neural stem cells of the subventricular region and the subgranular zone of the hippocampus. Gain-of-function and loss-o...

The adult derivatives of the embryonic forebrain germinal zones consist of two morphologically distinct cell layers surrounding the lateral ventricles: the ependyma and the subependyma. Cell cycle analyses have revealed that at least two proliferating populations exist in this region, one that is constitutively proliferating and one that is relatively quiescent and thought to include the endoge...

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-renewing multipotent cells that generate the main phenotypes of the nervous system, neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. As such they hold the promise to treat a broad range of neurological diseases and injuries. Neural progenitor and stem cells have been isolated and characterized in vitro, from adult, fetal and post-mortem tissues, providing sources of m...

In a previous paper we reported a new function of tissue kallikrein: rat urinary kallikrein (RUK) has a marked growth-stimulatory effect on neural stem cells prepared from brains of prenatal rats. We here report that conspicuous differentiation of neural stem cells to neurons and/or glial cells did not occur during stimulation by kallikrein, and this growth-stimulating effect of kallikrein is c...

Trakhtenbrot L, et al. Donor-derived brain tumor following neural stem cell transplantation in an ataxia telangiectasia patient. Growth-associated gene expression after stroke: evidence for a growth-promoting region in peri-infarct cortex. number and timing of transplantation determine survival of human neural stem cell grafts in stroke-damaged rat brain. Abramsky O, et al. Intraventricular tra...

Neural stem cells, which differentiate into neurons and glia, are present in the ventricular zone of the embryonal brain. The precise mechanism by which neural stem cells are maintained during embryogenesis remains to be determined. Here, we found that transient misexpression of the basic helix-loop-helix genes Hes1 and Hes5 keeps embryonal telencephalic cells undifferentiated although they hav...