Cell-cell interaction as one of the niche signals plays an important role in the balance of stem cell quiescence and proliferation or differentiation. In order to address the effect and the possible mechanisms of cell-cell connection on neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) proliferation and differentiation, upon passaging, NSCs/NPCs were either dissociated into single cell as usual (named G...

Since the discovery of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the 1950s and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the 1980s, a great deal of evidence has mounted for the roles of neurotrophins (NGF; BDNF; neurotrophin-3, NT-3; and neurotrophin-4/5, NT-4/5) in development, physiology, and pathology. BDNF in particular has important roles in neural development and cell survival, as well as appearing ...

Introduction: The aim of this study was evaluate the ability of notochord to induce neural induction and/or differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell to neuron and motor neuron, respectively. Methods: In order to produce embryoid bodies, ES cells line Royan B1 were grown in suspension in the absence of LIF for 4 days. EBs were divided into 4 groups. EBs in group 1 & 2 were further cultur...

Numerous studies have shown the positive effects of rosmarinic acid on the nervous system. Rosmarinic acid as a herbal compound with anti-inflammatory effects can prevent the destructive effect of inflammation on the nervous system. Furthermore, various studies have emphasized the advantages of three dimensional (3D) culture over the two dimensional (2D) culture of cells. In this study, thermos...

in the bone marrow, there are certain populations of stem cell sources with the capacity to differentiate into several different types of cells. ideally, cell transplants would be readily obtainable, easy to expand and bank, and capable of surviving for sufficient periods of time. bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bm-mscs) possess all of these characteristics. one of the most important benefi...

This study examines how the family of neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinases (Trks) participates in the regeneration and replacement of olfactory neurons within the adult rat olfactory neuroepithelium. mRNA and protein products representing the high-affinity nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor Trk A, its family members Trk B and Trk C, and the low-affinity NGF receptor (INGFR) are all detected w...

during early neurogenesis, the floor plate plays an essential role(s) in the differentiation of the ventral portion of neural tube. in this study, we detected the specific distribution of unique glycoconjugate during the floor plate differentiation. formalin fixed paraffin sections of balb/c mice (10-14 embryonic days) were processed for histochemical studies using horseradish peroxidase-labell...

objective: ecstasy, or 3, 4 (±) methylenedioxymethamphetamine (mdma), is a potent neurotoxic drug. one of the mechanisms for its toxicity is the secondary release of glutamate. mouse embryonic stem cells (mescs) express only one glutamate receptor, the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mglu5), which is involved in the maintenance and self-renewal of mescs. this study aims to investigate whethe...

Background: This article reviews experimental and clinical studies in which neural injuries repaired with bone marrow stromal cells. History: Bone marrow contains two kinds of stem cells: hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic (stromal) stem cell. In vitro studies indicate that bone marrow stromal cells have the capacity of differentiation into other cells (such as neural cell) under treatment wit...

Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and its high-affinity receptor TrkC play crucial trophic roles in neuronal differentiation, axon outgrowth, and synapse development and plasticity in the nervous system. We demonstrated previously that postsynaptic TrkC functions as a glutamatergic synapse-inducing (synaptogenic) cell adhesion molecule trans-interacting with presynaptic protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ...