background: one of the adulterant practice in dairy industry is the use of a less costly type of milk such as cow and goat milk instead of more expensive ones especially sheep milk. the aim of the present study was to assess fraud identification of undeclared milk species in composition of sheep yogurt and cheese offered as “pure sheep” in iranian local markets. methods: samples of sheep yogurt...

foodborne pathogens comprise microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria and parasites that can be transmitted by food and affect public health worldwide. the most common viruses transmitted via food are hepatitis a virus and norwalk-like caliciviruses. also, the most common bacteria involved in foodborne illnesses are campylobacter jejuni, clostridium perfringens, salmonella spp, escherichia coli...

purpose: to compare the value of conventional laboratory methods and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in the diagnosis of fungal keratitis. methods: this cross sectional study was conducted at khalili hospital, shiraz, iran. samples were taken from thirty-eight patients with findings suspicious for fungal keratitis. corneal scrapings were used for gram, giemsa and koh stains, culture and pcr ana...

We report the first intestinal infections in Tunisia with Entamoeba moshkovskii in two healthy adults. Entamoeba moshkovskii cysts were distinguished from those of the morphologically identical parasites Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar by specific nested polymerase chain reaction and sequencing.

OBJECTIVE The presence of the retrovirus xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus (XMRV) has been reported in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Considering the potentially great medical and social relevance of such a discovery, we investigated whether this finding could be confirmed in an independent European cohort of patients with chronic fat...

The incidence of white spot disease in farmed Penaeus indicus in Busheher region was evaluated by analyzing 200 shrimp individuals between June and September, 2005. The samples were examined for clinical sign including observation of white spots on the cuticle and tissue. Samples were processed using polymerase chain reaction (Nested-PCR) test. The results showed that 24% of the samples examine...

The incidence of white spot disease in farmed Penaeus indicus in Busheher region was evaluated by analyzing 200 shrimp individuals between June and September, 2005. The samples were examined for clinical sign including observation of white spots on the cuticle and tissue. Samples were processed using polymerase chain reaction (Nested-PCR) test. The results showed that 24% of the samples examine...

Dear Editor-in-Chief We read with interest the study by Khazaei et al. (1) in which the authors have nicely concluded that PCR is more sensitive test than Ziehl-Neelsen staining and histo-pathological examination for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). They have rightly pointed to use PCR, selectively, in acidfast bacilli negative paucibacillary forms of TB. However, we intend to highlight few...

bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is an important pathogen of dairy cattle. in this study, bulk milk samples representing a total of 4105 milking cows, from 18 dairy cattle herds in the suburb of mashhad- iran, were tested for presence of bvdv by the use of a nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nested rt- pcr) assay. non of the cows in the herds had been vaccinated against...