BACKGROUND Neonatal hypoglycaemia is common, affecting up to 15% of newborns, and can cause brain damage. Currently, there are no strategies, beyond early feeding, to prevent neonatal hypoglycaemia. Our aim was to determine a dose of 40% oral dextrose gel that will prevent neonatal hypoglycaemia in newborn babies at risk. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-c...

BACKGROUND The practice of glycemic control with intravenous insulin in critically ill patients has brought clinical focus on understanding the effects of hypoglycemia, especially in children. Very little is published on the impact of hypoglycemia in this population. We aimed to review the existing literature on hypoglycemia in critically ill neonates and children. METHODS We performed a syst...

OBJECTIVE To determine incidence of hypoglycemia in exclusively breastfed, high-risk but healthy newborns, and risk factors for its development. METHODS This observational study enrolled 407 exclusively breastfed high-risk (low birth weight newborns (1800-2499 g), late preterms, small-for-gestation, large-for-gestation and infant of diabetic mother), who did not require admission to neonatal ...

Seizures in the newborn period constitute a medical emergency. Subtle seizures are the commonest type of neonatal seizures, other types being clonic, tonic, and myoclonic. Myoclonic seizures carry the worst prognosis in terms of long-term neurodevelopmental outcome. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is the most common cause of neonatal seizures. Multiple etiologies often co-exist in neonates and ...

drug abuse in pregnancy is not uncommon, and the use of illicit opioids during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. the aim of the study was to assess neonatal outcome of pregnancy with maternal addiction. materials and methods:   in this cohort study we assessed 100 pregnant women 15 -49 years old. to identify drug exposure was used self- questionnaire (self-repo...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Low glucose values are often seen in term infants with NE, including HIE, yet the contribution of hypoglycemia to the pattern of neurologic injury remains unclear. We hypothesized that MR features of neonatal hypoglycemia could be detected, superimposed on the predominant HIE injury pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS Term neonates (n = 179) with NE were prospectively imaged...

In this issue of Pediatric Annals, the articles discuss newborns who present with common neonatal symptomology, but have rare diagnostic outcomes. In the first article, Drs. Alison Chu and Harvey K. Chiu discuss tachypnea and hypoglycemia, commonly presenting symptoms during the newborn period. In the illustrated case, the early and persistent hypoglycemia was a clue to the newborn’s underlying...

Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) can be caused by neonatal infections and renal diseases that usually occur in early infancy. The most common CNS is the Finnish type, which is an autosomal recessively inherited disease characterized by intrauterine onset of massive proteinuria. In this study, we presented a preterm neonate confirmed as the first case of CNS in Iran by genetic study, who was ...

Effect of age, polymicrobial disease, and maternal HIV status on treatment response and cause of severe pneumonia in South African children: a prospective descriptive study. The burden of childhood tuberculosis and the accuracy of routine surveillance data in a high-burden setting. classification of childhood intra-thoracic tuberculosis. The natural history of childhood intra-thoracic tuberculo...

Glucocorticoids and their receptor (GR) play a key role in perinatal gene induction. In the liver, the GR is essential for the neonatal induction of a number of genes, including that coding for tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT). To assess the function of the GR in the perinatal period, we have compared the activity of two types of glucocorticoid responsive elements in transgenic mice; one is the ...