BACKGROUND Understanding health care utilization by neighbourhood is essential for optimal allocation of resources, but links between neighbourhood immigration and health have rarely been explored. Our objective was to understand how immigrant composition of neighbourhoods relates to health outcomes and health care utilization of individuals living with diabetes. METHODS This is a secondary a...

BACKGROUND In high-income countries (HICs), higher neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation is associated with higher levels of smoking. Few studies in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) have investigated the role of the neighbourhood environment on smoking behaviour. OBJECTIVE To determine whether neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation is related to smoking intensity, quit attemp...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study is to examine whether there is an association between neighbourhood deprivation and incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD), after accounting for family- and individual-level potential confounders. METHODS All children aged 0 to 11 years and living in Sweden (n = 748,951) were followed between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2010. Data were analysed by...

BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated an elevated risk of oral cavity cancers (OCC) among socioeconomically deprived populations, whose increasing presence in suburban neighbourhoods poses unique challenges for equitable health service delivery. The majority of studies to date have utilised aspatial methods to identify OCC. In this study, we use high-resolution geographical analyses to id...

Abstract. Colouring sparse graphs under various restrictions is a theoretical problem of significant practical relevance. Here we consider the problem of maximising the number of different colours available at the nodes and their neighbourhoods, given a predetermined number of colours. In the analytical framework of a tree approximation, carried out at both zero and finite temperatures, solutio...

The social complexion of Toronto’s urban landscape has been irreversibly altered since the 1960s as new waves of migrants from Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and Central and South America have replaced traditional white European migrant flows. We examine the very different residential settlement patterns of Toronto’s three largest racial minorities – Blacks, Chinese and South Asians. Unlike previ...

A community research model developed in the UK was adopted in a multi-country interdisciplinary study of health and welfare in superdiverse neighbourhoods. The model involves training a diverse group of community members in qualitative research methods, and engaging them in research in their own community. In Uppsala, Sweden, five community researchers were recruited to facilitate access to div...

In a previous paper we gave a representation, or way of programming continuous functions on streams, whether discrete-valued functions, or functions between streams. We gave also a combinator on the representations of stream processing functions that reflects composition. Streams are topologised a la Baire, by taking for basic open neighbourhoods the set of streams that share a given finite pre...

Neighbourhood effects studies have demonstrated an association between area deprivation and smoking behaviour whereby people living in deprived neighbourhoods are more likely to smoke than those in non-deprived neighbourhoods. This evidence though is based largely upon data that ignores long term exposures to neighbourhood contexts and is confounded by neighbourhood selection bias. In this stud...

Smart Cities have often been associated with an extensive ICT infrastructure supporting citizens to learn. A Human Smart City focuses on its citizens and the human infrastructure they create being key actors of city making processes with a special attention on service design, development and delivery. A Human Smart City leverages technology to enhance citizen engagement and social innovation, t...