After upgrading to 5G, a network operator still faces congestion when providing the ubiquitous wireless service crowd. To meet users' ever-increasing demand, some other operators (e.g., Fon) have been developing another crowdsourced WiFi combine many home access points and provide enlarged coverage them. While 5G experiences negative externality, helps offload traffic from its exhibits positive...

This study aims to (1) analyze the externality of Cross Border Tourism on sustainable development in Wini Indonesia, (2) priorities recommendations for cross border tourism Indonesia. The used survey methods and data collections by means observations in-depth interviews with 20 respondents. Data analysis Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) three dimensions sustainability. found externalities devel...

Healthcare expenditure in the United States has grown and will continue to increase. The increasing healthcare expenditure is to reduce real income as well as to diminish total utility and increase financial stresses. This study argues that the most critical factor that increases healthcare expenditures during last 50 years has been the advent, adoption and diffusion of new medical technologies...

In a system of interdependent users, the security of an entity is affected not only by that user’s investment in security measures, but also by the positive externality of the security decisions of (some of) the other users. The provision of security in such system is therefore modeled as a public good provision problem, and is referred to as a security game. In this paper, we compare two well-...

Abstract I examine the impact of opioid epidemic on subprime auto lending. Using a difference-in-differences framework, find that county-level increases in abuse cause an increase loan defaults. Moreover, traditional credit scoring attributes (e.g., FICO score) fail to predict performance deterioration associated with addiction. The weak predictive measures and resulting higher default rates ge...

Different policies have been implemented around the world seeking to deliver demand response potential in the electricity markets. Externalities, namely the CO2 externality, have been one of the key concerns in the debate on the effectiveness of different policies regarding demand response development. Although most previous researches have centred on the short-term assessment of different poli...

Governments create contests to allocate resources stakeholders, e.g., grants, contracts. The actions of these stakeholders can generate a positive externality for themselves—the contest winner attract additional outside funding and donations from third-parties who want jump on the winner’s bandwagon. Herein we examine externalities arising created by governance their impact virtuous circle cont...

We study bond fund flows to provide new evidence for the link between mutual leverage and financial fragility. Using novel data on leverage, we find that outflows are greater in leveraged funds during stressed periods after bad performance compared with unleveraged funds. supporting exacerbates negative externality investors’ redemption decisions. For identification, exploit a change regulatory...

The market for security software has witnessed an unprecedented growth in recent years. A closer examination of this market reveals certain idiosyncrasies that are not observed in a traditional software market. For example, it is a highly competitive market involving several major vendors, often with a very aggressive pricing strategy adopted by new entrants. Yet, the market coverage seems to b...