In most cases, if relevant, positive evidence raises and negative evidence lowers argument strength in induction. Previous research, however, has shown that it is possible to raise the argument strength of a single positive premise argument by introducing negative evidence (Heussen, et al., 2011). Here we test one possible mechanism for such an increase in argument strength. When people conside...

Practicing medicine according to the best evidence is gaining popularity in the medical societies. Although this concept, which is usually called Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) has been explained in many resources, it has not been addressed enough in pediatrics. In this review, we briefly explained Evidence Based Medicine approach and its applications in pediatrics in order to help the pediatric...

To facilitate the guideline-based implementation of treatment recommendations in the ambulatory setting and to encourage participation in the multiple preventive health efforts that exist, we have organized several recent guideline updates into a simple ABCDEF approach. We would remind clinicians that evidence-based medicine is meant to inform recommendations but that synthesis of patient-speci...

BACKGROUND Reflective practice is a desirable trait in physicians, yet there is little information about how it is taught to or learned by medical students. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an online Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) exercise with a face-to-face debriefing session would prompt third year medical students to reflect on their current skills and lead them to further ...

The evidence-based medicine (EBM) related concepts of hierarchy of evidence, meta-analyses, confidence intervals, study design, etc. are nowadays so widespread, that clinicians willing to use today's medical literature with understanding have no choice but to become familiar with EBM principles and methodologies. Although surgeons may perceive that evidence-based medicine mandates a strict adhe...

T HE RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL IS THE GOLD standard for evaluating a therapy, providing the highest evidence for the practice of evidence-based medicine. However, not all randomized clinical trials are informative and the success of the trial in demonstrating a valid treatment or diagnostic effect will depend on the elements of the study design. The purpose of this report is to highlight the es...

OBJECTIVE To systematically examine the clinical effectiveness and safety of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) compared with conventional wound therapy. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library were searched. Manufacturers were contacted, and trial registries were screened. STUDY SELECTION Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs comparing NPWT and convent...

Maximally entangled quantum states, when their two halves are shared between two parties, are a uniquely valuable resource for various information-processing tasks. Used in conjunction with a quantum communications channel, they can increase the classical data carrying capacity of that channel, in some cases by an arbitrarily large factor [1]. Possession of maximally entangled states can ensure...

This report describes the implementation and evaluation of an automated statistical method for assessing an examinee's use of vocabulary words in constructed responses. The grammatical error-detection system, ALEK (Assessing Lexical Knowledge), infers negative evidence from the low frequency or absence of constructions in 30 million words of wellformed, copy-edited text from North American news...

The positive BOLD (blood oxygen level-dependent) response elicited in human visual cortex by a localized visual stimulus is accompanied by a reduction in the BOLD response in regions of the visual cortex that represent unstimulated locations in the visual field. We have suggested previously that this negative BOLD reflects attention-related suppression of neural activity, but it might also be e...