Outer hair cell (OHC) or prestin-based electromotility is an active cochlear amplifier in the mammalian inner ear that can increase hearing sensitivity and frequency selectivity. In situ, Deiters supporting cells are well-coupled by gap junctions and constrain OHCs standing on the basilar membrane. Here, we report that both electrical and mechanical stimulations in Deiters cells (DCs) can modul...

In this paper, we numerically study a new type of infrared resonator structure, whose unit cell consists of paired split-ring resonators (SRRs). At different resonant frequencies, the magnetic dipoles induced from the two SRRs within one unit cell can be parallel or antiparallel, which are defined as symmetric and antisymmetic modes, respectively. Detailed simulation indicates that the symmetri...

Avoiding repeated mistakes and learning to reinforce rewarding decisions is critical for human survival and adaptive actions. Yet, the neural underpinnings of the value systems that encode different decision-outcomes remain elusive. Here coupling single-trial electroencephalography with simultaneously acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging, we uncover the spatiotemporal dynamics of two ...

Avoiding repeated mistakes and learning to reinforce rewarding decisions is critical for human survival and adaptive actions. Yet, the neural underpinnings of the value systems that encode different decision-outcomes remain elusive. Here, coupling single-trial EEG with simultaneously acquired fMRI we uncover the spatiotemporal dynamics of two separate but interacting value systems encoding deci...

The six cortical layers have distinct anatomical and physiological properties, like different energy use and different feedforward and feedback connectivity. It is not known if and how layer-specific neural processes are reflected in the fMRI signal. To address this question we used high-resolution fMRI to measure BOLD, CBV, and CBF responses to stimuli that elicit positive and negative BOLD si...

in this paper, effects of the structural parameters on the optical characteristics of an add-drop filter, consisting of two straight waveguides and a micro-ring resonator (mrr), have been investigated. in this research, effects of mrr radius, the width of mrr and waveguide and the gap between mrr and waveguide, on free spectral range (fsr) and coupling coefficient have been studied. it is found...

designing a power splitter with five ports has been shown in this article. in order to prevent the direct coupling between waveguides, a t-shaped structure with an appropriate distance has been used. the coupling between the parallel photonic crystal waveguides is based on multimode interference, while selecting the output efficiency is performed by setting the refractive coefficients and radiu...

zinc oxide nano-particles with the average diameter of about 25 nm were modified with different mole ratios of trimetoxyvinyl silane (tmvs) and oleic acid, as coupling agents, in order to modify their surface properties and render them more hydrophobic. then, dispersibility of the surface modified nano-particles was examined in some monomers with different levels of hydrophobicity, including me...

Knowledge of lumbar coupling biomechanics is foundational in many manual therapy disciplines. 3-D studies of lumbar coupling indicate that coupling direction may not be predictable. The purpose of this study was to investigate physiotherapists' perception of importance of lumbar coupling for validation of manual therapy, necessity in treatment, and perceived direction of lumbar coupling biomech...

a * on behalf of the µLan † and µCap ‡ Collaborations. The µLan experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute will measure the lifetime of the positive muon with a precision of 1 ppm, giving a value for the Fermi coupling constant GF at the level of 0.5 ppm. Meanwhile, by measuring the observed lifetime of the negative muon in pure hydrogen, the µCap experiment will determine the rate of muon captu...