BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are the three prevalent viral and bloodborne infections worldwide. Considering the similar route of transmission in these infections, their co-infections would be more challenging for health care professionals. Therefore, we investigated the rate of HIV/HBV/HCV co-infection among injection drug u...

BACKGROUND Injection drug use directly or indirectly accounts for nearly half the annual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in the United States. Prospective studies that investigate both sexual and parenteral HIV risks among injection drug users (IDUs) are needed. We studied factors for HIV seroconversion among male and female IDUs in Baltimore, Md. METHODS The HIV-negative IDUs (...

BACKGROUND For the past two decades, there has been an enduring HIV epidemic among injecting drug users (IDUs) in India, and the Indian national AIDS control program (NACP) led by the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) has kept IDUs at the forefront along with other key populations, in its efforts to prevent HIV. Given this, the objective of this study is to examine the association betwe...

in an economy based on knowledge, organizations use their employees’ knowledge as a resource for creating and increasing organizational value and their success depends on their ability to manage their rare and volatile resources. one of the important organizational capabilities is social capital which can greatly help organizations to create and share knowledge as well as to create “permanent o...

Background and aims: Needle stick injuries are a common and serious occupational hazard in the medical settings. So, this study was aimed to assess the incidence of needle stick injury among medical students at Tabriz Imam Reza Hospital in 2014. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which its data was collected from 211 medical students in Tabriz Imam ...

Background: Knowledge sharing in university environments is essential and students' behavior in this field is based on their beliefs, norms and attitudes. Theory of planned behavior is one of the most prestigious behavior prediction models that can be used to examine the ideas, values, and attitudes in the context of knowledge sharing behavior. Considering the role of academics...

background both rising healthcare costs and the global financial crisis have fueled a search for policy tools in order to avoid unsustainable future financing of essential health benefits. the scope of essential health benefits (the range of services covered) and depth of coverage (the proportion of costs of the covered benefits that is covered publicly) are corresponding variables in determini...

TO THE EDITOR—We read with interest the recent article by Thibault et al [1], which described laboratory analyses of injection equipment collected from people who inject drugs in France. In particular, the detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in 80% of pooled samples of alcohol and cotton swabs raises concerns about the possible role of swabs in HCV transmission. While the accompanying edit...