background: the present work aims to study the out-of-field photon calculation accuracy of a commercial treatment planning system (tps), oncentra, for three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3d-crt) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (imrt) treatment techniques from elekta synergy medical linear accelerator. materials and methods: accuracy of individual out-of-field dose components was...

The purpose of base isolation is to absorb earthquake energy, prolong the life structure, and enable structure be similar a rigid body. However, since resonance can occur due closeness period structures long large velocity pulses near field earthquakes, stability these buildings greatly reduces, with displacement above level, sometimes, tendency overturning created in isolators leading their de...

11 Earthquakes can rupture geometrically complex fault systems by breaching fault step-overs. 12 Quantifying the likelihood of rupture jump across step-overs is important to evaluate earth13 quake hazard and to understand the interactions between dynamic rupture and fault growth 14 processes. Here we investigate the role of seismogenic depth and background stress on phys15 ical limits of earthq...

We report a new two-channel fluorescence microscopy technique for surface-generated fluorescence. The realized fluorescence microscope allows high resolution imaging of aqueous samples. The core element of the instrument is a parabolic mirror objective that is used to collect the fluorescence at large surface angles above the critical angle of the waterglass interface. An aspheric lens, incorpo...

Plasmon resonances in 3D nanoparticle arrangements can produce strong localized optical fields, which are of importance for any application involving interaction of light with subwavelength volumes of matter down to the molecular level. In particular, remarkable field enhancement and confinement occur in a dimer geometry formed by two identical closely spaced particles. Although, recent advance...