Thirteen permanent fully erupted teeth were excavated at the Paleolithic site of La Cotte de St Brelade in Jersey 1910 and 1911. These all found same location, on a ledge behind hearth Mousterian occupation level. They originally identified as being Neanderthal. A fragment occipital bone was separate locality later season. Recent dating adjacent sediments gives probable age <48 ka. The purpose ...

The occipital bun ("chignon") is cited widely as a Neanderthal derived trait. It encompasses the posterior projection/convexity of the occipital squama and is associated with lambdoid flattening on the parietal. A 'hemibun' in some Upper Paleolithic Europeans is thought by some authors to indicate interbreeding between Neanderthals and early modern Europeans. However, 'bunning' is difficult to ...

Two coastal sites in Gibraltar, Vanguard and Gorham's Caves, located at Governor's Beach on the eastern side of the Rock, are especially relevant to the study of Neanderthals. Vanguard Cave provides evidence of marine food supply (mollusks, seal, dolphin, and fish). Further evidence of marine mammal remains was also found in the occupation levels at Gorham's Cave associated with Upper Paleolith...

The cave site of Moula-Guercy, 80 meters above the modern Rhone River, was occupied by Neanderthals approximately 100,000 years ago. Excavations since 1991 have yielded rich paleontological, paleobotanical, and archaeological assemblages, including parts of six Neanderthals. The Neanderthals are contemporary with stone tools and faunal remains in the same tightly controlled stratigraphic and sp...

distribution of the surrounding downwelling light. Deep-sea fishes that have instead evolved to detect bioluminescent point sources have eyes constructed accordingly, typically having a high spatial resolution provided by a retinal area of tightly packed visual cells arranged in a deep pit-like fovea. Their eyes, though, are often quite small, with pupils only as large as necessary to detect po...