Mitochondria are membrane-enclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cells, which known as power house in cells. This organelle transforms energy into forms that are usable by the cell. The most common psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety can be linked to mitochondrial disorders. Furthermore, mutations of mitochondrial or nuclear DNA (mtDNA and nDNA, respectively) have been lin...

Morphology, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction fragment polymorphisms (RFLPs) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) fingerprinting were used to clarify relationships among the morphologically similar Ophiostoma and Leptographium species associated with mycangia of three Dendroctonus bark beetles (Ophiostoma clavigerum associated with both D. ponderosae and D. jeffreyi, and L. pyrinum associated with D. adj...

The annual return of beluga whales, Delphinapterus leucas, to traditional seasonal locations across the Arctic may involve migratory culture, while the convergence of discrete summering aggregations on common wintering grounds may facilitate outbreeding. Natal philopatry and cultural inheritance, however, has been difficult to assess as earlier studies were of too short a duration, while geneti...

The Macaronesian Scrophularia lowei is hypothesized to have arisen from the widespread S. arguta on the basis of several phylogenetic studies of the genus, but sampling has been limited. Although these two annual species are morphologically distinct, the origin of S. lowei is unclear because genetic studies focused on this Macaronesian species are lacking. We studied 5 S. lowei and 25 S. arguta...

BACKGROUND Exhausting exercise reduces the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in the skeletal muscle of healthy subjects due to oxidative damage. Since patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) suffer enhanced oxidative stress during exercise, it was hypothesised that the mtDNA content will be further reduced. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of exercise above and below th...

BACKGROUND Mitochondrial biogenesis is under the control of two different genetic systems: the nuclear genome (nDNA) and the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). The mtDNA is a circular genome of 16.6 kb encoding 13 of the approximately 90 subunits that form the respiratory chain, the remaining ones being encoded by the nDNA. Eukaryotic cells are able to monitor and respond to changes in mitochondrial...

The liver fluke infection-associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a major liver cancer in Northeast Thailand. The molecular basis of this ICC is poorly understood. To address possible roles of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system in ICC carcinogenesis, a fluorescence-labeling PCR/laser scanning technique with high sensitivity was employed to analyze genomic instability in the nuclea...

Increased oxidative stress and apoptosis have been implicated in the cardiotoxicity that limits the clinical use of cisplatin as an anti-tumoral drug. Our study was conducted to evaluate the protective potential of acetyl-l-carnitine, DL-α-lipoic acid and silymarin against cisplatin-induced myocardial injury. Eighty male albino rats were divided into eight groups. The first four groups were tre...