Three dimensional (3D) hydrodynamical models of the evolution of marginally gravitationally unstable protoplanetary disks have shown that such disks are likely to form selfgravitating clumps that could become gas giant protoplanets, even when detailed thermodynamics is included [1]. Vertical convective motions appear to be crucial for providing a means of cooling the disk midplane sufficiently ...

several processes have been proposed for natural gas liquefaction due to the vast utilization of lng as a reliable and relatively easy to use fuel. even though the merits and demerits of different process have been studied, a dearth of comprehensive technical and economical comparative investigation of these methods makes further broad examination a necessity. this article is presented to addre...

â liquefied natural gas (lng) is the most economical way of transporting natural gas (ng) over long distances. liquefaction of ng by using vapor compression refrigeration system requires high operating and capital cost. due to lack of systematic design methods for multistage refrigeration cycles, the conventional approaches of determining optimal cycle configuration are mostly based on trial-an...

the mixing behavior of the gas-liquid phase in three loop bioreactors was investigated. a gas-induced external airlift loop bioreactor (ealb), a forced-liquid vertical tubular loop bioreactor (vtlb) and a forced-liquid horizontal tubular loop bioreactor (htlb) were used for mixing studies as well as biomass production from natural gas. the effect of design parameters, riser to downcomer cross s...