The energy transition basically implies a phased and significant reduction in the use of fossil fuels, until final cessation near future. Renewable sources alternative fuels are an increasingly important part transition. At same time, it is necessary that systems increase efficiency environmental acceptability. In this regard, great efforts being made to expand portfolio primary existing large ...

Hydrates are crystalline compounds similar to ice, with guest molecules like methane and ethane trapped inside cavities or cages formed by the hydrogen bounded framework of water molecules. These solid compounds give rise to problems in the natural gas oil industry because they can plug pipelines and process equipments. Low dosage hydrate inhibitors are a recently developed hydrate control tech...

Incineration of municipal solid waste is a debated waste management technology. In some countries it is the main waste management option whereas in other countries it has been disregarded. The main discussion point on waste incineration is the release of air emissions from the combustion of the waste, but also the energy recovery efficiency has a large importance. The historical development of ...

Decreased technological costs and increased efficiency of horizontal drilling has made obtaining natural gas from shale deposits through hydraulic fracturing a viable economic option. However, current estimates of per kWh costs to obtain natural gas through this method do not account for increased environmental risks. By incorporating damages from air and water pollution, the true cost of hydra...

Over 31% of the fossil fuel energy consumed in the United States comes from natural gas—even more important than coal, which accounts for 25% of the total fossil energy consumed. Unlike coal and petroleum, which can easily be shipped around the world by vessel, natural gas is almost exclusively transported by pipeline. As a result, the vast majority (over 95%) of the natural gas consumed in the...