It is well acknowledged that innovation is a key success factor in mobile service domain. Having creative ideas is the first critical step in the innovation process. Many studies suggest that customers are a valuable source of creative ideas. However, the literature also shows that adults may be constrained by existing technology frames, which are known to hinder creativity. Instead young child...

ALL TYPES of poultry are important reservoirs of paratyphoid infections. As applied to poultry diseases, the term ''paratyphoid" denotes diseases caused by micro-organisms of the Salmonella group other than Salmonella pullorum (puUorum disease) and Salmonella gallinarum (fowl typhoid). More than 60 of the 200-odd types of Salmonella that are known to exist cause diseases in poultry. With the ra...

enteritis due to campylobacter is the most common cause of acute bacterial diarrhea worldwide. in most cases, infection occurs as a result of consuming contaminated water or food, especially raw meat of fowls. campylobacters are saccharolytic and fastidious bacteria. these traits limit the number of available biochemical tests by which isolates may be differentiated. these limitations might, in...

Whether immune responses are dominated by inflammation or antibody production is often key to surviving infections. Therefore, differential control of these immune pathways determined by CD4 T cells is of fundamental interest for vaccine design. Little is known about how inflammatory [T helper cell (Th) type 1 (Th1)] versus antibody-inducing (Th2) choices are controlled in domestic fowl. To add...

A natural outbreak of Newcastle disease (ND) was reported in a flock of guinea-fowl in Nigeria, affecting 1,029 birds of which 250 (24.3%) died. Paralysis of the legs and wings, coughing, sneezing, white diarrhoea and complete cessation of egg production were observed. Serum samples collected at the onset and during the course of the disease had high ND antibody titres. ND virus was isolated fr...

Today the developments in genetics are exciting. Perhaps this explains why geneticists sometimes seem to overlook common sense solutions. One example of this is the selection experiment done by Bijma et al. (2007a,b). These authors developed a sophisticated statistical method of group selection against mortality in hens randomly placed together. One may safely assume that this mortality is due ...