Abstract Achieving gender equality and empowerment has been a global goal for many years since 2015 the focus of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as well. Given challenges in reducing inequality, there was consensus that national budgets should specifically on gender. Australia first country to initiate budgeting or gender-responsive (GRB) presented Women’s Budget Statement at meeting Organ...

Financial plans of clinical commissioning groups are being derailed by emergency hikes in prices of generic drugs, which have led to soaring costs, The BMJ has learnt. Last month The BMJ reported that ongoing shortages of generic drugs cost the NHS £38m in November 2017, as the government agreed more emergency price increases to boost stocks. An examination of board papers by The BMJ has found ...

We study the benchmark independent private value auction setting when bidders have endogenously determined budgets. Before bidding, a bidder decides how much money she will borrow. Bidders incur a cost to borrowing. We show that bidders are indifferent between participating in a first-price, second-price and all-pay auction. The all-pay auction gives higher revenue than the first-price auction,...

after four years of publishing the iranian national laboratory standard and following a strategic plan to implement its requirements, it was decided to review the taken actions, evaluating the achievements and the failures, as well as analyzing the gaps and planning the interventional activities to resolve the problems. a thorough evaluation revealed that the progress of implementation process ...

OBJECTIVE Germany spends the highest share (10.4%) of its gross domestic product on health care among European Union countries. The majority of this financing comes from an earmarked tax on labor earnings. Drug spending, as a share (12.7%), is relatively low, as is per-capita drug spending. Over the past decade, a number of specific budgeting initiatives were introduced to control drug spending...

This chapter describes various technical and social issues in the development of the Indonesia’s National Digital Library Network (IndonesiaDLN). The success of the network was attributed to the use of the Protocol for Metadata Posting (PMP) to allow member institutions without a permanent Internet connection to join the digital library (DL) network, the use and distribution of open source soft...

India's national nutrition and health programmes are largely designed to provide evidence-based nutrition-specific interventions, but intervention coverage is low due to a combination of implementation challenges, capacity and financing gaps. Global cost estimates for nutrition are available but national and subnational costs are not. We estimated national and subnational costs of delivering re...

The stability of the budget system allows national economy to ensure overall not only in fiscal aspect, but also many other areas public activity. Risks instability one segment structure can cause a cascade problematic aspects and negatively affect balance country's system. Fiscal policy Russia is still unable solve problem increasing financial autonomy certain category regional budgets that ha...