Abstract Human rights education and knowledge dissemination in Central Asia have been developing since the collapse of Soviet Union. The countries region a mixture democratic, authoritarian, autocratic systems, which, for human defenders particular, can pose challenges. Over course last three decades, their opportunities either restricted or expanded. Against this background, 2021, Leibniz Inst...

Ethiopia, evolved from Tigray, is known by its history of having been an empire (e.g., the Axumite kingdom) and independent. The fundamental weakness Ethiopian state has lack inclusive national consensus, hampered oppression dilemma democratizing a feudal state. post-1991 TPLF-EPRDF-led Ethiopia experimenting with federalist nation-building to address Ethiopia’s historical contradictions: class...