Exposure to water containing petroleum waste products can generate both overt and subtle toxicological responses in wildlife, including birds. Such exposure can occur in the tailings ponds of the mineable oil sands, which are located in Alberta, Canada, under a major continental flyway for waterfowl. Over the 40 year history of the industry, a few thousand bird deaths have been reported followi...

The BET equation is commonly used to describe type II sigmoid isotherms of water contaminants. However, there are some that do not agree with the equation. In this paper, three modified equations (Aguerre–Suarez–Viollaz, Pantuso–Tolaba–Aguerre, and Aranovich–Donohue) evaluated against published isotherm data dysprosium, reactive blue 5G, naphthenic acid. cases studied, shown outperform original...