We elucidate mechanisms for colloidal gelation of attractive nanoemulsions depending on the volume fraction (ϕ) of the colloid. Combining detailed neutron scattering, cryo-transmission electron microscopy and rheological measurements, we demonstrate that gelation proceeds by either of two distinct pathways. For ϕ sufficiently lower than 0.23, gels exhibit homogeneous fractal microstructure, wit...

Hemorrhagic fever caused by Ebola virus (EBO) is a highly contagious infection. This necessitates that the contaminated instruments, clothes, and hospital premises must be completely disinfected. Nanoemulsions are a new form of disinfectant composed of detergents and vegetable oil suspended in water. The antiviral activity of nanoemulsion ATB has been investigated against EBO. The nanoemulsion ...

Carotenoids, including β-carotene, lycopene, and derivatives, such as retinoic acid, have been studied for their significant antiproliferative and differentiating activity on cancer cells in experimental models and in clinics. We are presenting here data on the mechanism of action of a carotenoid-enriched extract obtained from the pumpkin Cucurbita moschata, variety "long of Naples," on two mal...

The presence of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is significantly associated with poor prognosis of tumors. Currently, magnetic resonance imaging- (MRI-) based TAM imaging methods that use nanoparticles such as superparamagnetic iron oxide and perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions are available for quantitative monitoring of TAM burden in tumors. However, whether MRI-based measurements of TAMs can b...

We discuss the measurable structure factor S(M)(q) of highly concentrated nanoemulsions in a glassy amorphous state. Neutron scattering data show that the primary structure factor peak decreases with increasing concentration and eventually drops below unity. We find very good quantitative agreement between the experimental S(M)(q) and analytical predictions for a polydisperse hard sphere fluid....

Development of nano-sized carriers including nanoparticles, nanoemulsions or liposomes holds great potential for advanced delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy, as such nanostructures can be used to more effectively manipulate or deliver immunologically active components to specific target sites. Successful development of nanotechnology based platform in the field of immunotherapy will allo...

The delivery of drugs and active agents to the skin by formulations containing nanoparticles is a topic of considerable current interest. A number of studies have shown important advantages of these nanostructure-based delivery systems over conventional formulations. This review describes the composition, preparation, and characteristics of a wide range of novel vectors, including nanoemulsions...

In this study, stability of hyaluronic acid (HA) based nanoemulsion was systematically investigated. Factors including zeta potential, pH, crosslinking agents and degree of substitution (DS) were considered to assess their roles in stability. Nanoemulsions prepared from HA-GMS with higher DS showed smaller droplet sizes. In the presence of Ca2+ as a crosslinker, size distribution was improved t...

Tumor vaccines are a novel approach to the treatment of malignancy, and are attracting the attention of the medical profession. Nanomaterials have significant advantages in the preparation of a tumor vaccine, including their ability to penetrate and target cancer tissue and their antigenic properties. In this review, we focus on several nanomaterials, ie, carbon nanotubes, nanoemulsions, nanosi...

Poor water solubility for many drugs and drug candidates remains a major obstacle to their development and clinical application. Conventional formulations to improve solubility suffer from low bioavailability and poor pharmacokinetics, with some carriers rendering systemic toxicities (e.g. Cremophor(®) EL). In this review, several major nanonization techniques that seek to overcome these limita...