a high pressure drop happens when heavy oil with high viscosity moves through the oil pipeline. a variety of methods to avoid this pressure drop is available. one of which is injection of chemicals to reduce the viscosity and ultimately reduce pressure drop. using the pipesim software, the effect of dispersion of nano and micro-particles into the oil has been simulated to study the amount of th...

background: saffron, the dried stigmas of crocus sativus, is the world's most expensive spice which has been used as food additive and flavoring agent. the aim of the present study has been to investigate the combination effects of gamma irradiation and silver nano particles packing on the chemical properties of saffron during storage time. a combination of hurdles can ensure stability and...

A key challenge in nano-science is to design ligand-coated nano-particles that can bind selectively to surfaces that display the cognate receptors above a threshold (surface) concentration. Nano-particles that bind monovalently to a target surface do not discriminate sharply between surfaces with high and low receptor coverage. In contrast, "multivalent" nano-particles that can bind to a larger...

Industrial applications of nano-particles are reported in many fields recently. Regulation of nano-materials is also discussed in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). European Union (EU) announced the definition of nano-material in 2012. According to EU definition, nanomaterial means a natural, incidental or manufactured material containing particles, in an unbound sta...

The calcium ferrite nano-particles (CaFe2O4 NPs) were synthesized using a sol-gel method for targeted drug delivery application. The proposed nano-particles were initially prepared by mixing calcium and iron nitrates that were added with citric acid in order to prevent agglomeration and subsequently calcined at a temperature of 550°C to obtain small particle size. The prepared nanoparticles wer...

Introduction and Background: Ceramics are inorganic, nonmetallic materials, such as alumina, beryllia, or glassceramic, whose final characteristics are produced by subjection to high temperatures. Nanomaterials is a rapidly growing area of ceramics [1-3] and can be classified into the following categories: Nano-particles submicron or ultra micron size particles; Nano-fibers – nanometer (nm) siz...

in recent years, using sol-gel procedure for the purpose of laboratory and industrial synthesis of nano-structures, and especially silica nano-particles, has been significantly increased. in this research, silica particles were synthesized by sol-gel procedure and their physical and chemical properties were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (sem), transmission electron microscopy...

Background: Cisplatin (CIS), an anticancer alkylating agent, induces DNA adducts and effectively cross links the DNA strands and so affects spermatozoa as a male reproductive tract toxicant. Materials and Methods: The present study investigated the cellular/biochemical mechanisms underlying possible protective effect of selenium nano-particles (Nano-Se) as an established strong antioxidant with...