Abstract Gradient-based optimization algorithms can be studied from the perspective of limiting ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Motivated by fact that existing ODEs do not distinguish between two fundamentally different algorithms—Nesterov’s accelerated gradient method for strongly convex functions (NAG-) and Polyak’s heavy-ball method—we study an alternative process yields high-resolut...

Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK. Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ...

A prominent circadian rhythm in the nephrotoxicity of a therapeutic dose of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin) is demonstrated in female Fischer rats. Rats were randomized to receive two doses of either cisplatin or 0.9% NaCl solution 14 days apart at the times of either high or low values in their circadian rhythm of urinary volume. Toxicity was assessed by measuring changes in body weig...

BACKGROUND Urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion is increased in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). This study investigated when during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) the plasma glucose, urine glucose, and insulin levels correlate most strongly with urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) levels in prediabetic subjects. METHODS The OGTT was administered ...

Sanfilippo syndrome type B or mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB (MPS IIIB) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme α-Nacetylglucosaminidase (NAG, EC 3.2.1.50). NAG catalyses the removal of terminal α-N-acetylglucosamine residues from heparan sulphate. In the absence of NAG, partially degraded heparan sulphate accumulates in tissues and is excreted in the ur...

Salinity causes the adverse effects in all physiological processes of plants. The present study aimed to investigate the potential of salt stress to enhance the accumulation of the anticancer phytochemicals in Andrographis paniculata accessions. For this purpose, 70-day-old plants were grown in different salinity levels (0.18, 4, 8, 12, and 16 dSm(-1)) on sand medium. After inducing a period of...

Administration of arginine or a high-protein diet increases the hepatic content of N-acetylglutamate (NAG) and the synthesis of urea. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. We have explored the hypothesis that agmatine, a metabolite of arginine, may stimulate NAG synthesis and, thereby, urea synthesis. We tested this hypothesis in a liver perfusion system to determine 1) the metabolism o...

NAG Libraries have many powerful and reliable optimizers which can be used to solve large portfolio optimization and selection problems in the financial industry. Below is an introduction into the notation and techniques used in portfolio optimization. We discuss some sample problems and present help in choosing an appropriate NAG optimizer. Finally, there is a section on handling transaction c...