Renal oxygen tension is substantially lower in the medulla than in the cortex and is reduced in hypertensive rats, a model of oxidative stress. Expression of NADPH oxidase, the primary source for superoxide anion (O(2)(-)*) in the kidney, is elevated in hypertension. Because molecular oxygen (O(2)) is required for O(2)(-)* formation, we tested the hypothesis that renal NADPH oxidase activity is...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We examined the importance of NADPH-oxidase in reactive oxygen species production in cerebral arteries and its effect on vascular tone in vivo. Furthermore, we investigated whether chronic hypertension affects function or expression of this enzyme in cerebral vessels. METHODS Superoxide generation was detected in isolated rat basilar arteries with the use of lucigenin-e...

dear editor,   the o 2 -generating enzyme nadph oxidase, plays a crucial role in host defense against microbial infection through the production of reactive oxygen species (ros). 1 the multisubunit nadph oxidase complex can be detected in vitro by the nitroblue tetrazolium test (nbt). 2 the nbt test is used for the diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease. 3 however, several factors, such as ...

F ~hagocytic cells contain a complicated enzyme system, termed NADPH oxidase, that is responsible for the production of toxic oxygen species (1). The enzyme transfers electrons from NADPH to 02, forming O2-, which then can dismutate into H202. Subsequently, other oxygen derivatives, such as hydroxyl radical and hypochlorous acid, may be formed. Collectively, these oxygen products are toxic to c...

An important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, which on activation induces superoxide production via oxidation in the mitochondria, inflammation and stress; such ROS are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, including neuropathy. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatments are applied various diseases in...

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes acute lung injury. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) from NADPH oxidase may contribute to this injury. To determine the role of NADPH oxidase, we pretreated pigs with structurally dissimilar NADPH oxidase inhibitors. Low-dose apocynin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-acetophenone; 200 mg/kg, n = 6), high-dose apocynin (400 mg/kg, n = 6), or diphenyleneiodonium (DPI; 8 mg/kg)...

We have shown previously that electrically induced tachycardia effectively produces myocardial preconditioning. Among other effects, tachycardia increases calcium release rates in microsomal fractions enriched in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) isolated from dog cardiac ventricular muscle. Here, we report that preconditioning tachycardia increased twofold the NADPH oxidase activity of isolated SR-e...

Recent clinical studies found a strong association of colonic inflammation and Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-like phenotype with NonAlcoholic Fatty liver Disease (NAFLD) yet the mechanisms remain unknown. The present study identifies high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as a key mediator of intestinal inflammation in NAFLD and outlines a detailed redox signaling mechanism for such a pathway. NA...