OBJECTIVE To study the immediate sensorimotor neurophysiological effects of cervical spine manipulation using somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). METHODS Twelve subjects with a history of reoccurring neck stiffness and/or neck pain, but no acute symptoms at the time of the study were invited to participate in the study. An additional twelve subjects participated in a passive head movement...

Temperature variations impact on the balance between photosynthetic electron transport and electron-consuming assimilation reactions and transiently increase generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous studies demonstrated that the expression of C-repeat binding factors (CBFs), which activate cold acclimation reactions, respond to chloroplast ROS signals and that cold deacclimation is...

How did Europe overtake China? We construct a simple Malthusian model with two sectors and use it to explain why European per capita incomes and urbanization rates surged ahead of Chinese ones. Productivity growth can only explain a small fraction of the rise in living standards. Population dynamics – changes of the birth and death schedules – were far more important drivers of the long-run Mal...

and suppressing fluctuating amplitude of the dynamic wind loads acting on the test model. With 24 suction/jet holes evenly distributed over the cylindrical test model (i.e., the N13 design of the present study), the passive jet control method was found to be able to achieve up to 33.7 % in drag reduction and 90.6 % in fluctuating wind loading suppression, in comparison with the baseline case. T...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) acts as a neuromuscular blocker in the release of acetylcholine. Nevertheless, some clinical effects and side effects are difficult to explain only due to the peripheral mode of action. The aim of the study was to assess the central effects of BTX-A by measuring the two modalities of evoked potentials (somatosensory and brain-stem auditory)....

This paper argues that it is important to devote greater attention to the study of entrepreneurship in technology transfer in the light of greater government attention, the growth in the phenomenon, the need to identify how wealth can be created from spin-outs, changes in the cultures of universities and differences with technological entrepreneurship in general. The paper summarizes the contri...

Objective: The nature of somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) studies of normal subjects is obviously much different from the patients. In this study our aim was to find out the effects of the change of stimulus frequencies on absolute latencies, amplitudes and central conduction time in median SEPs of normal subjects. Methods: Normal values of somatosensory evoked potentials were obtained from...

The expansion of trade in pre-industrial Europe led to a transformation of agriculture. It induced specialization to exploit comparative advantage as well as a restructuring of the process of production, with manorial agriculture giving way to an agriculture of family farms. Technological progress was not itself a driving force, but rather a consequence of this transformation. Merchants and urb...

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In order to clarify the effects of local vibration on the peripheral and central nervous system, peripheral (median) nerve conduction velocities and short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) following stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist were measured in 15 male forest workers in 1986. They had engaged in chain-saw operation for 16-34 (mean 22) years; their working days in 19...