Background: nitrogen oxides occur in the atmosphere in Six forms of namely: N2O , NO , NO2 , N2O3, N2O4 and N2O5 .Among these oxides NO2 is the most important air pollutant because of its relatively high toxicity and its ubiquity in ambient air. In this research Griess-Saltzman method was utilized for determination of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere of different laboratori...

A large number of di erential equation problems which admit traveling waves have very large (typically in nite) naturally de ned domains, with boundary conditions de ned at the domain boundary. To be able to numerically solve these problems in smaller subdomains of the original domain, arti cial boundary conditions must be de ned for these subdomains. One such arti cal boundaryconditionswhich c...

The Algebraic Dichotomy Conjecture states that the Constraint Satisfaction Problem over a fixed template is solvable in polynomial time if the algebra of polymorphisms associated to the template lies in a Taylor variety, and is NP-complete otherwise. This paper provides two new characterizations of finitely generated Taylor varieties. The first characterization is using absorbing subalgebras an...

We consider a class of Markov chains known for its closed form transient and steady-state distributions. We show that some absorbing chains can be also seen as members of this class and we provide the closed form solution for their absorption time distributions. By constructing upper and lower bounding chains that belong to this particular class one can easily compute both lower and upper bound...

Global attention to the global warming reduction has invite numerous strategy implemented with the objectives is mitigating greenhouse gasses emission which threats to the future of living in biosphere. Essentially, absorbing CO2 from atmosphere and sequestering in terrestrial ecosystem is one of the significant strategy. While in developing countries it is become essential, support for forest ...

From 2006 to 2007, the daily concentrations of major inorganic water-soluble constituents, mineral aerosol, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in ambient PM10 samples were investigated from 16 urban, rural and remote sites in various regions of China, and were compared with global aerosol measurements. A large difference between urban and rural chemical species was found, normally wi...

Several new fixed point results for self maps in extension type spaces are presented in this paper. In particular we discuss compact absorbing contractions. RESUMEN Son presentados en este art́ıculo varios resultados nuevos de punto fijo para autoaplicaciones en espacios de tipo extensión. En particular discutimos contracciones compactas absorbentes.

In this paper, the problem of assigning channel slots to a number of contending stations is modeled as a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). A learning MAC protocol that uses deterministic backoffs after successful transmissions is used as a decentralized solver for the CSP. The convergence process of the solver is modeled by an absorbing Markov chain (MC), and analytical, closed-form expres...

We demonstrate a bilayer photovoltaic device consisting of a heterojunction between colloidal cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots (QDs) and a wide band gap organic hole-transporting thin film of N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TPD) molecules. The active light-absorbing film of QDs is nondestructively printed onto TPD using microcontact stamping. Indium-tin-o...